Journal of Electrical & Electronic Systems

In the fast growing world it is necessary to control the home appliances from remote locations through some set of instructions inputted into the computer. Electrical appliances need to be protected against over voltage in order to avoid appliance damage, this is essential as the reliability of the appliances will be improved. With the advancement of technology things are becoming simpler and easier for consumers. This paper presents an automation system that switches on/off electrical appliances at a specified time using PC, which can be placed in any location in the house (room). The on/off system can be programmed in advanced to perform a specific assignment at the required time. The aim of developing this system is to save time and manpower along with maintaining security and convenience. PIC18F4550 microcontroller acts as the ‘intelligence’ for this system in executing the tasks and operations according to the user’s wish. The system’s Graphical User Interface (GUI) was developed using Microsoft Visual Basic.Net to enable the user to easily control and monitor the appliances remotely.

Unbalance and voltage fluctuation are considered as a major problem within the 3-phase Shield Wire Schemes networks (SWS). This paper deals with the methods to reduce the unbalance and voltage fluctuation by using the H-bridge cascaded Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM). In unconventional networks without STATCOM, the unbalance factor is generally more than 27%. In this study, we proved that after voltage compensation by the H-bridge cascaded STATCOM, unbalance factor is reduce to 0.15% for ground impedance variation. The ground resistance has been varied between 33 and 8000 Ω, and the ground inductance between 10 and 110 H. Moreover, the voltage fluctuation is reduced. The obtained results correspond to those recommended in power distribution for the proper operation of electrical equipment.

In order to cover energy requirement, the photovoltaic is one of the proposed solutions. However, according to the aim of its utilization, the direct current output voltage of photovoltaic source should be adjusted. The boost inverter is a recent power processing stage that can increase, filter and alternate direct current input voltage. So as to control it, there are various modulation types. Among them, the sinusoidal pulse width modulation is presented in a new digital form. The operating principle of the aforementioned inverter and command have been analyzed and verified by simulation and realization. Furthermore, frequency analysis of output voltage signal proves efficient results.

Optimization techniques tend towards new methods, these methods are based on the nature of the impact thereof on the lifestyle of human beings, engineers working on new optimization approaches to achieve the objective of maximizing reliability of the electric current and with the minimal cost which means that our structure of network must answer this requirement, a new approach proves to solve major problems using a heuristic méta - which is called algorithm of beater (BA).

A novel complex equivalent circuit model has been proposed for the lithium-ion batteries. The lithium-ion battery pack capacity check method is proposed, which is based on the balance charge and serial-discharge mechanism, aiming to realize the aeronautical battery pack capacity fading and safety judgment. The method achieves the battery pack capacity check and safety anticipation maintenance by recycling balance charge and serial discharge process together with the minimum mean square error method. Experimental results show that, the method can effectively realize the capacity check and security anticipation and the accurate rate is over than 95%. The proposed capacity inspection and safety anticipation method can effectively solve the aeronautical lithium-ion battery pack capacity security prediction problem, effectively ensuring its cruising ability and security in the aero power supply applications.

Image processing is very much important area of research nowadays and is being taken interest deeply as the mobile phones and smart cameras are demands of the emerging global markets. Document image processing is the sub branch of it which includes processing the images of the paper may or may not be containing any write up or say textual contents, graphics, tables or any informative thing in form of written or printed stuff. Many a time’s we people are habituated to fold the document papers in our hands and put them in pocket or somewhere. If then we want them to be scanned or apply OCR (OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION) on them then we need to capture an image of such folded documents. For image acquisition there are many sources like digital cameras, mobile phone cameras, printers etc. are available around us. When we need to scan them to convert them into electronic form (to perform OCR on them), then the problems occur because the folded documents cannot be easily scanned as they have folds and due to such folds there are huge possibilities of shadows in fold parts which can distort the quality of the document as well as this may make the readability of the document poorer. In this paper, the authors have proposed an algorithm to straighten such folded document image to get accurate OCR results in accordance with least distortion in quality of the same. The derived method helps to straighten the uniform folds digitally. So that the processed document can be applied to get improved OCR results with improved in terms of accuracy.

ALE or adaptive line Enhancers are special kinds of adaptive filters widely used in noise cancellation circuits. In circuits where we don’t have any prior knowledge of signal and noise, fixed filters unit never works good. Among adaptive filter ring algorithms LMS algorithm is very common, in our work also we use LMS algorithm. LMS-ALE filters removes the sinusoidal noise signals present in the channel by calculating the filter coefficients in every iteration. LMSALE filter has large number of multiplier units. FFT or Fast Fourier Transform blocks present in LMS algorithm again consist of large array of multiplier units. Optimization of LMS-ALE filter lies must start from optimization of multiplier blocks. Here we use Vedic “Vertical and crosswise algorithm” for multiplier design. When compared to conventional booth multiplier based LMS-ALE filter units, Vedic multipliers gives more performance in areas like resource utilization, power requirement, delay etc. The work includes designing Vedic multipliers, complex Vedic multipliers, redesigning Radix-8 FFT using Vedic multipliers, redesigning LMS block using Vedic FFT, redesigning LMS ALE filter using Vedic multipliers and Vedic LMS blocks. Major part of design is done in verilog using Xilinx ISE design suite. ADC block present in LMS-ALE filter is done in Matlab version 2013.

This research paper is a survey paper that focuses on the current status of HTTP protocol and the suggested solutions that are implemented recently. New protocols and some new modification to the current protocol have been discussed and implemented in the recent years to meet the new requirements of advanced web and mobile sensingbased applications. In this paper, we explore the current status of HTTP 1.1, SPDY, HTTP/2 and HTTP over UDP protocols. In addition to the analysis and benchmarking of HTTP/2 in modern web services and mobile sensing-based applications.

Uncertainties of environmental and physical parameters of outdoor power transmission lines are rarely known, though they are very critical in planning, operation and line uncertainty modeling for power utilities. Several approaches have been previously used to predict such parameters in wide transmission corridors. Transmission line uncertainty modeling can be challenging since it is based on the assumption of the unknown limits. This paper characterizes and evaluates these approaches. After comparative study, the interval mathematical approach is shown to be more versatile than the rest of the techniques because of the ability to stretch the unknown variable while bounded.

This paper presents new aspects of bifurcation structures in a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) in both motor and generator operating modes.
It considers the case where the PMSM speed is regulated with a Field-oriented control (FOC). A period doubling bifurcation cascade under the variation of a proportional control parameter leading to chaotic states, was identified.
The investigation of parametric singularities allows us to identify a complex bifurcation structure including three generic bifurcations. Such structure is made of the Limit Point (LP), the Hopf (H) and the Bogdanov-Takens (BT) bifurcation sets. Sufficient conditions of the existence of the main bifurcations are given analytically.
An overview of the phase space singularities associated to the parametric singularities is presented. Moreover, embedding 2D bifurcation sets in a 3D parametric space, led to identify certain bifurcation surface structures. The bifurcation surfaces established correspond to limit point bifurcation for the motor and generator operating mode, and for period doubling period bifurcation. The 3D bifurcation sets play an important role to study the combined effect of three different parameters on the PMSM dynamics, and permit to control the complex PMSM dynamics to a stable equilibrium dot by an adequate tuning of either control and system parameters.

The trains in the last years are developed by three countries: Germany in 1993 Tr-07 has 279.6 mph, China in 2003 Trans rapid SMT has 295.7 mph, and Japan in 2015 L0 with 374.6 mph, this type of train under the name of maglev but in our project while speaking on the type of Mag surfing. The mag surfing is based on the phenomenon of superconductivity and energy of environment.

The CTL (Cryogenic train levitation) is more quickly than the maglev because estimated speed: 807.7 mph and the cost estimated at 6 million dollars for the 0.6 mile and 60 travellers in each train, after 100 times of voyage to recover the sum of investment of it, if the ticket 10$, therefore is less expensive than the maglev. Moreover, contains new technologies and all the systems are automatic and tele-control, rails CTL is exploit by all: on ground, underground, submarine. Speed 807.7 mph is adaptable by the travellers because we not forced the train but we are limited the frictions and drag and the use of the micro-lattice for the manufacture of body of train to ensure lightness.

The main purpose of this paper is to present a control system which will cause better alignment of Photo voltaic (PV) array with sun light and to harvest solar power. The proposed system changes its direction in two axis to trace the coordinate of sunlight by detecting the difference between position of sun and panel. Hardware testing of the proposed system is done for checking the system ability to track and follow the sunlight in an efficient way. Dual axis solar tracking system superiority over single axis solar tracking system is also presented.

In this paper, we assess the modeling effects of PSS and governor on voltage stability of power system by applied accurate dynamic model of power system. This model consists of the detailed models for the synchronous machines, automatic voltage regulators (AVRs), Prime mover and speed governor, Power system stabilizer (PSS) is used for voltage stability assessment. Voltage stability assessment is done by calculation of voltage stability margin (VSM). The VSM is an index that describes distance between the current operation state point and the maximum voltage stability limit point. The IEEE 14-bus standard test system is used for simulation. The obtained results from preformed simulation show effects of PSS and governor on voltage stability.

Electric vehicles (EV) offer promise as an effective solution to environmental problems. One of the keys to their successful diffusion is the provision of adequate battery charging infrastructure. In order to create a charging infrastructure by installing equipment in such as locations as carports in private homes, the wireless battery charging system is very suitable. EVs can be used in smart house systems to supplement the energy storage. This vehicle to home (V2H) system essentially requires a bidirectional power transfer feature between the EV and home. This paper presents a new bidirectional inductive power transfer (IPT) system for wireless V2H with simplest components and low cost aiming at wide diffusion for home use. Proposed is a novel type of bidirectional wireless EV charging system with an efficient and compact type single-ended quasi-resonant high-frequency inverter for V2H.