Journal of Forensic Research

With the advancement in the development of office automation equipment, it is trendy to produce important documents using printing methods rather than writing them. Thus, identifying the type of printing method used is the most essential and important part of the research on document forgery, which is largely focused on the identification of forged documents. In particular, the printing method identification technique should be able to analyze the shapes of the printed characters and obtain diverse information to be able to specify the type of printing device that was used to print the document. Thus, the identification of the printing method that was used can resolve forgery problems by itself, and as such, diverse studies are currently being conducted to enable the identification of the type of printed characters in relation to the type of printer used. In particular, if such identification method can minimize the damage to the appraisal target, and if the results can be quantified and objectively derived, it will be highly useful in forensic science, where the objectification of judgment is important.

In this study, a method of identifying the printing method that was used (inkjet vs. toner printer) for printing a document was examined by binarizing and quantifying the images of the printed characters produced from the exfoliation method using adhesive tape.

Background: Like other phenotypic traits, stature is a key indicator for identification and is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. With the alarming rise in the frequency of road, flood, intentional mutilation, and natural disasters, stature or body height is one of the most significant and useful anthropometric parameters that establish a person's physical identity. It is also regarded as one of the important and significant parameters for the establishment of personal identity in forensic medical examination or anthropological studies.

Objectives: To determine stature and gender in an adult Nigerian population by measuring the percutaneous length of the arm and forearm bones.

Methods: The University of Lagos' workers, students, and volunteers made up the sample group for this study, which included 222 people (115 men and 107 women) between the ages of 18 and 65. A variety of anthropological tools, including the Stadiometer, an anthropometric tool produced by SECA alpha® in Germany. The measurement was performed using calliper, weighing balance, and tape that were calibrated in centimetres.

Results and Conclusion: The intercondylar breadth had the best value for statistical significance in the sex prediction made using logistic regression. The largest link with stature was found for the ulnar measurement, whereas the smallest correlation was found for the intercondylar measurement across all parameters. Both males and females can have their arm and forearm lengths measured percutaneously, which has good reliability for estimating stature and predicting sex. The intercondylar is more strongly correlated with sexual dimorphism. Simple and numerous linear regressions demonstrated that using the foot length is the most accurate technique to predict and estimate stature.

The most advanced imaging devices are being used to study novel methods for personal identification. This research might help identify catastrophe victims in upcoming major disasters. Advanced imaging for positive identification in forensic pathology employing radiographic image recognition and other identification or authentication techniques has already been the subject of studies. These methods are based on data gleaned from biological fingerprints using CT and MRI scans, digital radiography, and other cutting-edge imaging methods. Despite being in its early phases of development, picture matching and identification in sophisticated digital images has demonstrated promise outcomes in reducing medical errors and for identifying specific patients. In the disciplines of forensic pathology, forensic odontology, and forensic anthropology, these procedures might be useful for positive identification.