Journal of Forensic Research

The proliferation of internet usage has led to an increase in deepfake attacks, posing significant threats to privacy and data security. Existing detection systems are continually challenged by increasingly sophisticated deepfake techniques. In this paper, we propose a novel method for detecting deepfake anomalies by focusing on the lip region of human faces in videos. This area is often subtle and difficult for humans to scrutinize. Our approach integrates the Minimum Covariance Determinant (MCD) Estimator with the SHA-256 hashing algorithm and RAID technology to identify even the slightest deepfake activities. By employing the Lip Shaping Technique, we evaluate the effectiveness of our method. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed method’s promising performance and its significant impact on frame processing speed due to the incorporation of optimized storage techniques.

Objective: This study attempts to find craniometric landmark measurements that can be standardized and used to identify the ethnicity/race ‘Hispanic’ when unknown crania are found by the police.

Methods: Craniometric measurements (n=31) were collected from a small sample (n=13) of documented Hispanic crania curated at the Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, Albuquerque, New Mexico. These craniometric measurements, despite documented population affiliation, were analyzed by the FORDISC 3.1 computer program to verify ancestry. The 31 craniometric measurements of the Maxwell Museum sample were converted to means, and then analyzed in FORDISC 3.1 Forensic Data Base (FDB). Subsequently, the craniometric means for the Maxwell Museum Hispanics were compared to the craniometric means calculated by FORDISC 3.1 FDB for Hispanic males (n=148) and females (n=28) and Guatemalan males (n=66) in order to find craniometric measurement landmarks that could be important in identification of ‘Hispanic.’

Results: On the first run, FORDISC 3.1 classified Maxwell Museum Hispanics into the American Indian Male (AM) reference group with a posterior probability of 0.284. Regardless, graph of the results depicted in 3D canonical space showed the Maxwell Museum Hispanic sample was closest to the Hispanic male reference group centroid. Furthermore, seven craniometric measurement means computed by SPSS statistical software were nearly identical to each other and could be key in identifying Hispanic crania. These measurements were ZYB; BNL; WFB; NLB; EKB; OCC; and FOB.

Conclusion: Forced migrations spurred by totalitarian regimes in the country of origin or drought and starvation has resulted in migrant fatalities, whether at the US–Mexico border crossing or at sea between Cuba or Haiti and Miami. This research will add a new perspective in using craniometrics to study admixture in general and Hispanic identification in particular, and simultaneously help law enforcement reduce the number of open cases that deal with questionable ancestries.

Latent fingerprints are a common investigative tool used not only by police forces, but also by military forensic experts. One of the most routinely forensic investigation conducted within the Brazilian army is due crimes against the patrimony where fingerprint analysis is an efficient way of identifying perpetrators. DNA analysis of smudged or incomplete prints can be a complementary methodology making full use of the evidence. Considering the context of crime scene analysis within the Brazilian army, we assessed the use of sodium chloride 0.9% (NaCl) as a swabbing solution for DNA collection from fingerprints deposited on glass and metal surfaces combined with lysis solution methodology for DNA extraction. Also, we compared the results obtained from using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate 2% (SDS), a common choice of swabbing solution. The data found in this study showed no statistically significant difference regarding the recovery of DNA from latent fingerprints between the two tested solutions. However, the use of NaCl 0.9% as a collection solution combined with lysis solution as an extraction method presents an advantage of less time-consuming and lower costs overall.

The study of detection of alcohol in local beverage of Jharkhand state is very needful research for law enforcement agencies and state police authority, because Jharkhand state is very rich in culture and its maximum population in villages or in a small city the people use the local liquors for consumption and sometimes it seems that in certain cases in local beverage founding methanol concentration on it due to that the consumer suffers from it, that’s this study is important for the purpose of helping in police investigation and detection of crime related to illegal liquors cases. In this research study we use both presumptive examination by performing color test and for confirmatory test we analyze by UV-vis spectroscopy.

Currently in Italy sometimes the criminal cohorts based on the combined provisions of articles 202 (Applicability of security measures), 203 (Social danger) and 133 (Gravity of the crime: Evaluation of the effects of the penalty) of the code they feel the need to assess whether the human person who has committed a criminal offense is "socially dangerous ".

The Italian criminal code establishes that for socially dangerous people who have committed a criminally relevant act (crime or quasicriminal) envisaged as such at the time of its commission, additional security measures may be applied and maintained.

Even in cases determined by the law in which the legislator makes the need for rehabilitation prevail for a fact not foreseen by the law as a crime (defined as a quasi-criminal, these are mandatory cases: The impossible crime, the criminal agreement not executed, committing a crime if the instigation is not upheld) safety measures can be applied to socially dangerous people.

The assessment of clinical social danger is based on the study of the state of mind: At the time and after the arrest, by reading the judicial documents (to find out about the crime formalized at the time of the prosecution by the Public Prosecutor), the interrogation reports and/or statements made, and any health documentation.

Chemical fingerprints of herbal items may be assessed using a variety of chemometric techniques. Chemical pattern recognition, similarity estimation, and spectral correlation chromatography are all examples of information to since the time of the Saints and Munis, herbal therapy has been utilized to treat a broad variety of ailments. Herbal formulations cannot be successfully manufactured without an in-depth knowledge of the active components. The quality of herbal medications is thoroughly evaluated using a variety of chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques (HM). They may be used to authenticate and identify herbal goods and are highly recommended for quality control of herbal medicines; particularly chromatographic fingerprints produced utilizing hyphenated techniques. A quality control method based on the chromatographic fingerprints of herbal remedies might be developed based on the idea of phyto-equivalency. Eory based procedures (SCC). The subject of this presentation was a study of several forensic toxicology detection procedures for caffeine from selected herbal medicines. Articles published between 2016 and 2022 are considered.

Forensic biological examination is a part of forensic science, which has the aims to identify biological matrix and stains on crime scenes or findings. Forensic biological examination is important for the identification of even the smallest biological samples and their attribution to a specific person, victim or suspect. During crime scene investigation hair is one of the biological samples that can be found and can lead the operators to identify the perpetrators. In fact, hair can be easily found on findings, both clothes and objects, near victims and/or in the area of the crime. The hairs functions of protection, sensing and thermal insulation make them strongly present in almost all human population, increasing the possibility to found them quite everywhere, also on crime scenes. Microscopic analysis of the human hairs can be used to make a comparative analysis on suspects, focus the attention on pretty well-known morphological characteristics such as: Medulla; scales; cortex; cuticle and pigmentation. Furthermore, the bulb of human hair, found on crime scenes or on findings, can be used in forensic genetics examination to reach a DNA matching between hairs and suspect or victim. In fact, only within the bulb there are traces of nucleated cells that let the operators to extract DNA and carry out a genetic profile. The aim of this research is to cross compare multiple knowledge from different research papers on forensic hair examination in order to assess the evolution of the study and technology in this field and for assess new perspective of research and forensic applications.

Forensic science is a science of associating people, places and things involved in criminal activities for criminal proceedings. The development of forensic science across the world is less promising when compared with other sciences. Even though, there is strong interest and high demand in the provision of justice for criminal courts. The main aim of this narrative review is to identify the prime forensic science limitation and gaps from the previous studies to speculate ways of improvements in forensic service. In addition to this, the paper highlights forensic science laboratory standards, accreditation and policy related aspects and progresses for the betterment of future forensic service. It also tried to explore ways of improving forensic science in Ethiopia from the existing problem and current experience. Among the problems in Ethiopian forensic science; under stressing the significance of forensic science by administrative government, lack of awareness among forensic officers, absence of independent national forensic institute and shortage of expertise. The author strongly recommends that Ethiopian government should awake to design a national policy of forensic science and independent national forensic laboratory that will delivery national investigation and training in the arena of forensic science. Therefore, a policy strategy frames a direction for the development of forensic science through governing service provision, quality assurance, accreditation, related research and higher education.

In spite of several researches already carried out during the past decades, only limited information is available exploring the preservation of charred document and there is a need to recollect it. Therefore, there is a need to scrutinize literatures that have portrayed its legal values and validating it in light of available works and published research studies to enlighten the methods and techniques used in forensic questioned document examination to help stabilization, separation, detection, investigation, collection, preservation, prevention and decipherment of the charred document. This work will enlighten the forensic questioned document scientists, law enforcement agencies and also for awareness of public.

Introduction: Well protected palatal rugae patterning in the oral cavity has been suggested as useful complimentary information for forensic purposes. Also since the blood group remains same throughout the lifespan of an individual, can act as a biological record.

Aim: The aim of the presentation is to study the different palatal rugae patterns and to correlate and compare palatoscopy with blood group among patients visiting Indira Gandhi government dental college Jammu.

Materials and methods: A total of 100 patients with age group ranging between 14-45 years with known blood group were included in the study. Palatal rugae patterns on plastercasts, were obtained and examined for different biometric characteristics including number, shape, length and association with sex and the data was obtained.

Results: There was significant association found between palatal rugae, ABO blood groups and Rh factor (chi square statistic=18.205, P=0.034).

Conclusion: The study concluded that palatal rugae when correlated with suspect’s specific blood group-Rh factor can be used to narrow down the suspect list and can also prove significant in identifying individuals in case of any disaster.