Journal of Forensic Research

Detection of semen in forensic cases mostly sexual assault or abuse is critical for evidence collection. A portable forensic light source, which emits wavelength from 430 nm to 700 nm (UV to VIS) and filters were used. The very high intensity light source detected semen in darkness and daylight using wavelength between 415 nm to 490 nm. ABO blood grouping method is an oldest method used in forensic biology for grouping purpose. But now a days, DNA fingerprinting is an advanced technique used to solve crimes like gang rape. Even though in this case, simplest and oldest ABO blood grouping method helped to solve gang rape case. In present case, victim was 5 years old girl who was raped by a person. Screening the semen stains using portable forensic light source and primary testing of semen stains from different places on victim’s undergarments was done. ABO blood grouping of each selected semen stains were done by absorption-elution method. Those selected stains showed blood group which matched with the accused person’s blood group. Thus the accused person was convicted in this heinous crime.

In this case Accused persons raped the Victim girl, but the victim girl washed all her cloths and place of crime, therefore no Semen was detected on any of the exhibits, blood stains were also washed off. There was hardly any chance of getting blood group. In spite of that careful sampling of proper blood stains and careful analysis resulted in conclusive blood grouping. The blood group, found on the clothes of Accused matched with that of the clothes of Victim girl. Though DNA analysis is full proof technique absence of nuclear material negates its superiority. Sometimes traditional ABO grouping also becomes effective tool in such cases.

Community policing is a practice prevalent in India for ages wherein the people from the neighborhood participate in the system as moral police and keep a watch around their locality with an intention to maintain peace and tranquility. As a modern system policing has community involved in its functioning as a mandate now, the major aim being (a) to help police reach places and problems where they have limited access and be omnipresent with civilians as their eyes and ears, (b) to bridge the gap that has long been created between the police and people due to errand ways of police working and reduce the fear that is instilled in common minds. There are many states that have community policing as a practice running successfully.

Although fervent attempts have been made in the state of Karnataka to run this practice successfully as an obligatory system, the one initiated By Janaagraha, an NGO situated in Bangalore has been basking in the limelight since its initiation in June 2013. The attempt has earned popularity and common support as it has started in one police station in each of the 7 zones in the Bangalore city. The present paper is review on the emergence of the practice of community policing in Karnataka state and its modernization with the advent of Janaagraha as a prime mediator between the police and public in recent times. The article is purely based on secondary review and information from newspapers and journals on the subject.

Digital forgery is very common these days because the use of digital document is increasing day by day and readily available software’s for manipulating the documents. It is very necessary to authenticate the integrity of digital document, whether it’s genuine or not. Various secure detection systems are made which involves use of algorithm, but this paper deals with examining simple features present in image/document which can be used to check the authenticity of an electronic document, whether they are genuine or forged. These simple features are like Color variation, Font size difference, Pixelate resolution, Range of magnification-low, medium and high range of magnification and extracting hash value-MD4, MD5, SHA-1, RIPEMD-128 and RIPEMD-160. Results are highly reliable.

It is easy to display a video or picture on an LCD screen and recapture it by using a camera to hide traces of digital image manipulation or fool an access system based on face recognition technique. In this paper, we show that humans do not have a good performance in detecting recaptured data from LCD screens. Hence, it is important to have methods capable of distinguishing between natural videos and pictures and those recaptured ones. In this paper, we show that, typically, recaptured images and videos from LCD screens exhibit detectable periodic patterns that are caused by regular sampling grid of the LCD monitor and aliasing. We develop our method using the theory of cyclostationarity and experimentally validate it. The term cyclostationarity refers to a special class of signals which exhibit periodicity in their statistics. Our method will be based on the fact that a cyclostationary signal has a frequency spectrum correlated with a shifted version of itself.

Estimation of stature is one of the biological profiles used in the identification of individuals in cases of mass disasters, plane crash, fatal auto crash, bombing, homicides, and in crime investigations. It is an important tool in Medico legal practice.

In the present study an attempt has been made to derive regression formulae to determine stature from cephalofacial dimensions. Informed consent was obtained and measurements were taken following standard protocols. The prediction function was derived through linear regression and multiple regressions for each of the measurement with stature, for the general population and for males and females separately. Cephalo-facial dimensions of 211 subjects females n=123 and males n=88 with mean age 23.58 ± 4.95 belonging to the Igbo population of Nigeria were studied. Eleven cephalo-facial measurements including stature were taken. The mean stature of both genders put together was 167.55 ± 9.10 cm while that of females and males were 163.17 ± 7.64 cm and 173.66 ± 7.30 cm respectively. Males were significantly taller than the females (p<0.0001). Accuracy of determination ‘R’ of stature from Cephalo-facial dimensions was highest for IOB and EBB in both genders put together; it was also highest using IOB in the females while MFH and MHB yielded that of the males.

Short tandem repeat (STR) DNA profiles are routinely generated from blood and saliva stains found on items of evidence collected at crime scenes. Current study utilized the fully integrated RapidHIT™ Human DNA Identification System (IntegenX, Pleasanton, CA, USA) to generate STR profiles from simulated crime scene evidence samples, similar to the ones commonly encountered at indoor crime scenes in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The two body fluids were deposited on each of these items and processed. Data generated from 120 samples using this automated system and the “Run Other Samples” instrument protocol were in complete concordance with the data generated with traditional method used in forensic laboratories. Sensitivity study performed with this instrument indicated that complete profiles can be obtained from 0.25 μL of blood and 10.0 μL of saliva.

Varying amounts of both of the body fluids were deposited on 25 different types of substrates containing potential inhibitors such as dyes and soil. Fifteen of these substrates containing body fluids were incubated at 48°C heat and 43% humidity for 24 hours. These conditions were used to mimic indoor crime scenes at the UAE during the Summer Season. Complete and concordant profiles were generated from most of these samples.