Journal of Forensic Research

Human have the microorganisms in the skin, gut and mouth. Human skin microbiome based on the 16S rRNA encoding gene can reveal bacterial species diversity. Also bacterial species in the skin have diverse and unique composition between individuals. We thought that a bacterial fingerprint obtained from surfaces including computer keyboards aids forensic individual identification in case of evidence deficiency. Next generation sequencing was used to analyze the bacterial community on objects and fingertips to match the object to the individual. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was submitted to EMBL SRA with accession number PRJEB8760. Higher similarity of bacterial community between public computer keyboards and laboratory member’s fingertips were evident than between other locations including doorknobs. Here we studied the challenges that bacterial fingerprint can be used as a human identification tool in forensic fields.

Genotyping of X-chromosomal short tandem repeats (X-STRs) is an emerging tool in forensic genetics because of its inheritance pattern, and a large number of markers has been characterized. Quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) analyses of STR markers on the X-chromosome are performed routinely in medical genetics laboratories for the rapid detection of aneuploidy in chromosome X. In this study, 595 Italian participants were genotyped at 10 gonosomal STRs (DXS680, DXS98, DXS6807, DXS1187, XHPRT, DXS742, DXS6809, DXYS267, DXYS218, and DYS448) using a commercially available QF-PCR kit. Here, we report the allele architecture of DXS1187 and DXYS218, which have not previously been characterized for forensic use. The presence and extent of genetic linkage and linkage disequilibrium between all X-STRs were estimated. Allele and haplotype frequencies in the Italian population were assessed and reported together with statistical parameters.

Facial reconstruction relies on the relationships between the facial features, subcutaneous soft tissues and underlying bony structure of the skull. If there is no clue for potential identity because of impossibility to compare questioned remains with possible familiar material, in such cases one of the last chances is to recreate ante mortem appearance by face reconstruction. Many of the soft tissue thickness values are significantly different from those reported for comparable groups, suggesting that individuals from different geographical areas have unique facial features thus requiring population-specific values. This literature review attempts to throw some light on the important aspects that has to be taken into consideration while setting norms of soft tissue thickness among various populations. To name a few are the differences among different skeletal malocclusions, differences in soft tissue thickness and the rate of tissue change among both men and women at different age groups.

In the field of forensic science, to determine the sex of suspect from latent prints found at crime scene is often suspicious. Identification of an individual's sex is being possible from the latent palm prints present on documents. To determine the sex from the latent palm print can be done with minutiae details of developed prints from the documents, which will be helping for the investigators in nabbing the suspects. For this study, 60 samples including male and female from villages of Uttar Pradesh, India were taken for the determination of sex of an individual through the development of latent palm prints present on documents. The Obtained 12 parameters (radius of curvatures, Angle of curvature from line of writing, Inter distance between centre of curvatures, and Distance of centre of curvatures from line of writing), their mean values and standard deviations from this study not only gives the significant of sex at 95% confidence level of difference but also considered statistically significant (p<0.05). On behalf of which determination of sex can be done. It also can increase the evidential value of such lateral palm prints. These evidences can be helpful for reducing the pool of potential suspects in investigations, and also can be placed.

Ecstasy is a popular name designated for 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). It displays effects related to amphetamine-type drugs and a set of distinctive effects like restlessness, well-being, and others effects. The aim of this work is to analyze ecstasy tablets seized in Morocco; studying their MDMA contents and their MDMA contents variations. We collected 12 batches of samples seized by Morocco Police that were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem Mass Spectrometry to determine MDMA concentration presents in these tablets. The method was also validated in the following parameters: linearity, limits of detection and of quantification, precision and accuracy, to permit the MDMA quantification. A great variability among ecstasy tablets compositions was detected and the toxicological features were discussed.

Teeth are useful indicators of age-at-death and non-destructive methods ensure preservation of dental evidentiary material which could be used for court presentation.

Aims and objectives: To evaluate correlation between the enamel color and chronological age. To estimate the age of an individual from enamel color.

Material and methods: A total of 150 subjects were studied which were divided into five groups based on age (age range 15-69 years) with 30 in each group. The enamel color was evaluated using a VITA classical shade guide.

Results: Present study reveals that younger age has reddish-yellow hue; middle age has yellowish hue, older age has yellow to greyish hue. The enamel color was found to be associated with chronological age.

Conclusion: Identification of individual age with no birth record can be done using enamel color. Further advance in enamel shade for age estimation with increased sample size would enhance the knowledge and improve the accuracy of methods used in the field of forensic odontology.

Forensic experts may face challenging situations in the routine of human identifications, such as the lack of ante-mortem (AM) data; and cadaveric alterations, such as charred, mutilated and decomposed bodies, as well as skeletal remains. In this context, alternative pathways for human identification must be taken following scientific criteria. The present study reports a case of human identification combining the analysis of smile photographs and forensic anthropology exams. Skeletal remains of were referred for human identification in the local medico-legal institute. The anthropological profile of the victim, containing age, sex, stature and ancestry information pointed out a potential victim from a police list of missing persons. Relatives of the victims did not provide AM data; except for a single smile photograph form the victim’s personal belongings. Dental autopsy, previously guided by anthropologicalexams, culminated in positive identification. Similar to all the other pathways for human identification, the analysis of smile photographs presents advantages and limitations. However, when combined to other methods, such as forensic anthropology, smile photographs trend the reveal greater application.

Population stratification is the main cause of spurious results and the difficulty of replicating genetic association findings. In admixed populations, there is evidence that such proxies do not provide efficient control of stratification. We aimed to evaluate the statistical relationship between self-reported, hetero-classified and genetic ancestry, defined by categories of skin color and individual ancestry estimates and by the genotyping of 48 ancestry-informative indel markers in a sample of 130 volunteers from the city of Macapá in the Amazonian state of Amapá - Brazil. Five groups of self- reported skin color were defined: white, light brown, middle brown, dark brown and blacks, and three groups of predominant ancestry were defined: European, African and Native American. The results showed a significant correlation between skin color and predominant ancestry, self-reported and hetero-classified by volunteers, in comparison with the genetic ancestry, an important potential application of these AIMs in forensic investigations.

To be or not to be. Overall, if you are looking for a buzzword and the essence of it, it is about the metaphysics of 3D space and business. The buzzword I definitely recommend to you is cross lateral reflexive thinking multi-dimensional space wise and sol-u-tion~sol-i-ton which is called the Cantillation. This very much enables the development of quantum gravitation within the respected system. You can, indeed, gain information from off the air (ether) by listening to your own or others voice intonation by cantillating by its sound intonation. The pronunciation of the words. This is very similar to lower and upper harmonics and technology also used in multi-layer sound mapping for compression or applied by a philharmonic orchestra for example. You will be a guru of the field. Some more examples of solitons (also called as solitude or solitary wave, on the pronunciation, boing ~ Boeing (not the same) Zoli ~ soli (as in solarium, Sun bathing)

In this Paper, I will discuss the nature of healthcare and biodiversity as it pertains to everyday life. I will discuss DNA barcoding as a complementary tool for conservation and valorization of forest resources. We will look at Medical tree species in a plantation of Bangladesh, as well as the medicinal values, increment density and frequency of these species in Bangladesh. This paper is a global look at the biodiversity in healthcare V. pharmaceuticals, and DNA barcoding. The “core barcode” for land plants was tested on 68 tree specimens. Since the pre-historic era, humans have been using forest as food, drugs, and handcraft reservoir. Today, the use of botanical raw material to produce pharmaceuticals, herbal remedies, teas, spirits, cosmetics, sweets, dietary supplements, special industrial compounds and crude materials constitute an important global resource in terms of healthcare and economy. In recent years, DNA barcoding has been suggested as a useful molecular technique to complement traditional taxonomic expertise for fast species identification and biodiversity inventories. In this paper, application of DNA barcodes will be discussed as well as assessments of the biodiversity in healthcare.

Objective: The determination of sex and age is necessary in forensic practice and medico legal purposes. Mandible may play a vital role in sex estimation as it is the most dimorphic bone of skull that often recovered intact. In this respect, the availability of plentiful antemortem orthopantomograms may be of great value in studying and developing population specific standards for accurate sex and age estimation. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to assess the usefulness of various mandibular ramus linear and gonial angle measurements on digital panoramic images as indicators for sex and age in an Egyptian population sample.

Methods: 191 panoramic images (105 males and 86 females) of Egyptian patients aged (6-70) years old were selected. Five mandibular ramus linear measurements (upper ramus breadth, lower ramus breadth, projective height,condylar ramus height and coronoid ramus height) and gonial angle measurements were performed bilaterally resulting in a total of 382 rami being assessed. Stepwise discriminant and regression analyses were performed to determine the most significant predictors of sex and age respectively.

Results: Males showed statistically significant higher mean linear ramus measurements and lower mean gonial angle values than females. Condylar and coronoid ramus heights were the most significant predictors for sex and age respectively. The discriminate function equation was: (D= 14.698 - 1.895 Condylar ramus height) with an accuracy of 81% in males and 77.9% in females and an overall accuracy of 79.6%. The regression equation for age estimation in the whole studied sample was: (Age= - 32.306 + 8.481 Coronoid ramus height) that yields no significance on comparing actual and estimated ages.

Conclusion: In the selected Egyptian population sample, the mandibular ramus showed a high sexual dimorphism and proved to be beneficial in sex and age estimation; while, the gonial angle could assist in sex estimation only.

I write this article and literature review to address the issue of incorporating pornography into sex offender treatment programs. I was asked the above question by a handful of probation who supervise sexual offenders and the treatment providers indicated that they would be utilizing pornography as part of sex offender treatment. This creates a problem in that for the sexual offender on probation or parole, they may have court ordered restrictions prohibiting use or possession of any type of pornographic material.

My dilemma is that I find there is no research support for utilizing pornography in any type of treatment for violent and/or sexually violent offenders. The literature is rich, however, with information about the negative impact of pornography for the violent and sexually violent offender. Remember that the violent and sexually violent offender (including some child pornography users), present with significant risk factors and psychological factors that forever place them at risk for violent and/or sexually violent re-offense. Most risk factors are static, that is, they do not go away with treatment or age. For example, having a history of violent or sexually violent behavior will never change, age when the first offense occurred and/or a history of family problems, attachment or intimacy problems or a current or more serious psychological problems do not go away either. To utilize pornography with offenders presenting with such risk factors does not appear supported by the literature and raises concerns for offenders to resume or continue to engage in deviant fantasies via pornography use that may well lead to a violent or sexual reoffense.

In the present paper a revised version of Butler equation is derived to calculate the surface tension in multicomponent liquid metallic solutions. The effects of surface active complexes (intermetallic compounds) in liquid metallic solutions is also discussed.