Journal of Genetics and DNA Research

Genetic diversity and population structure are fundamental aspects of evolutionary biology, with implications for understanding human health, biodiversity conservation and agricultural sustainability. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have revolutionized our ability to explore genetic variation within and between populations at unprecedented resolution. In this mini-review, we highlight recent advances in the application of NGS techniques for elucidating genetic diversity and population structure across diverse taxa. We discuss the utility of whole-genome sequencing, genotyping-by-sequencing and related methodologies for characterizing genetic variation, detecting population differentiation and inferring demographic history. Furthermore, we explore the challenges and opportunities associated with NGS-based approaches for studying genetic diversity and population structure and discuss future directions in the field.

Genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer, driving tumorigenesis and tumor evolution. Understanding the mechanisms underlying genomic instability is crucial for developing effective cancer therapies. This mini-review explores the various causes of genomic instability, including DNA damage, replication errors and impaired DNA repair mechanisms. We discuss the implications of genomic instability for cancer development, progression and therapeutic resistance. Furthermore, we highlight emerging therapeutic strategies targeting genomic instability pathways for cancer treatment.

Genomic investigation of the evolutionary dynamics of genomic variation across species sheds light on the mechanisms driving biodiversity and adaptation. Comparative genomics, enabled by advances in sequencing technologies and computational tools, has revolutionized our understanding of genome evolution, uncovering conserved genomic elements, lineage-specific innovations and evolutionary forces shaping genetic diversity. In this mini-review, we explore key concepts and methodologies in comparative genomics, highlight recent insights into the evolutionary dynamics of genomic variation and discuss the implications for understanding species divergence, adaptation and speciation.

The impact of genetic variation on drug response is a critical aspect of personalized medicine, aiming to optimize therapeutic outcomes by tailoring treatment regimens to individual genetic profiles. Genetic variability in drug-metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters and drug targets can significantly influence pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, leading to inter-individual variability in drug efficacy, toxicity and adverse reactions. This mini-review provides an overview of the role of genetic variation in drug response and its implications for personalized medicine. We discuss key genetic determinants of drug response, approaches for pharmacogenomic testing, challenges in implementation and future perspectives for integrating genetic information into clinical practice.