Journal of Health & Medical Informatics

Indian subcontinent has been ruled by different empires and dynasties throughout the past. They have brought different curative skill and knowledge. Moreover, the subcontinent surrounded by variety of believes, myths’ and religions. That obviously has significantly influenced the curative philosophy and therapeutic. Hence, we have designed this study manuscript to present a prudential review of pharmaceutical resources in sub-continent. That may potentially help to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Whereas, the legislative support is an important factor in health care system, and is recognized by all countries of the subcontinent. World Health Organization (WHO) is continuously supporting to develop, strengthen and modify the existing legislation to enforce the national health policies. That will help to assign the exact professional roles to pharmacy professionals instead of irrelevant, clerical and administrative work. That will help to reduce the potential risk of irrational drug usage, therapeutical error and clinical mistakes in health care system to achieve the MDGs. Hence, in conclusion, current pharmaceutical scenario needs the legislative and strategic support to assure appropriate pharmaceutical and clinical care in Indian subcontinent. It is also enviable to assign the exact scientific and professional roles to pharmacy professional instead of irrelevant managerial and clerical tasks. That will potentially reduce the irrational drug usage and poor pharmaceutical care. Otherwise serious vulnerable health problem may potentially be posed and then harbored to other parts of the world.

Background: Health care is an organizational field that information and technology improves quickly. With ensuring health professionals adaptation to this new information and technology environment, it is possible to achieve quality and productivity improvement goal in health care. It is known that different clinical expertises bring differences in presentation of health services.
Aim: In this study it was aimed to compare nurses’ assessments about electronic health records usage. Materials and methods: Data analyzed by using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and independent sample student-t test.
Results: At the end of the analysis it was found that nurses’ assessments about electronic health records usage has a meaningful difference according to different clinical expertise (t=2.40, p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Results of this study shows that surgical nurses’ who are forefront with “technical abilities” have more positive assessments about usage of electronic health records when they compared with medical nurses who are forefront with “patient centered” abilities.

Background: Web and Internet-based resources are remarkably popular with the public, patients and others as a way to access mental health information, tools for self-care, advice/consultation from a professional, and providerdirected treatments.
Objective: This paper provides a framework of a spectrum that includes person-centered health education options (conceptual endpoint), patient and caregiver-centered mental health care interventions (evidence-based literature review), and more formal provider-directed treatments (conceptual endpoint).
Methods: The evidence-based literature review was focused on treatment studies, using a minimum of three key words and the 1996-2015 period, resulting in 13,612 articles. This was reduced to 388 (title words used), to 125 (abstracts for methods, design, and outcomes) and 40 (evidence-based criteria of guidelines).
Results: Technology is frequently used, is readily accessible and satisfies persons, patients, and caregivers. Its impact on openness to engage with others and begin self-care appears very positive; its ability to help people change behaviors and engage additional clinical services appears modest, though this is inadequately evaluated. Formal treatments over the Internet, asynchronous care models, or traditional video-based synchronous services are as good as or better than in-person services, though an incomplete range of services has been evaluated. Relatively few treatment studies assess outcomes, compare in-person and e-Mental Health care, and or compare technology-based care options to one another; hybrid models of care have emerged, but have rarely been studied.
Conclusions: For persons or patients not in care, use of the internet for common, non-acute problems appears to work, though a one-time clinical evaluation may help them place options in context. Clinicians and patients should specifically plan how to use technology and exercise sound judgment, based on guidelines when available. More research is needed on the application of new technologies to clinical care, with randomized trials and health services studies for effectiveness suggested.

Salmonella infections are the main cause of food-borne outbreaks in Italy as well as in other industrialized countries: food of poultry origin is the main source of infection. The European Union legislation identifies in the control of the food chain the more effective approach to ensure food safety, indicating in the primary production a pivotal point for surveillance and control of Salmonella infections. In 2003, the European Union set for Member States the objective of reducing the prevalence of Salmonella serovars relevant to public health on the basis of specific control programs in breeding flocks of Gallus gallus and turkeys, laying hens, broilers and fattening turkeys. In this framework, an information system, named SISalm, was implemented in Italy to collect and manage information derived from the application of the national Salmonella control Plan, to standardize data collection and information flows, thus satisfying the needs of all the involved stakeholders, avoiding redundancy and errors. The integration of SISalm with the National Animal identification, registration and traceability System (BDN) and with the Italian Information System for the notification of animal diseases outbreaks (SIMAN) provides a comprehensive data management and reporting tool, which allows monitoring the epidemiological situation at national and local level and the fulfilment of the information debts towards the European Commission and the World Organisation for Animal Health.

With the progress of technology over the last two decades and the diffusion of informatics into the healthcare field, including nutrition, the role of the healthcare professionals that adopt the technology has changed dramatically. The success of information and communication technology (ICT) implementation in healthcare organizations has been directly linked to the knowledge of the users.
Aim: This study assesses the ICT literacy of professionals at the Administration of Food and Nutrition, which works under the umbrella of the Kuwait Ministry of Health.
Method: A survey was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 115 dieticians and nutritionists. Results: The response rate was 90%. The educational level of the respondent proportionally influenced their general computer use and experience. Most of the respondents (84%) were willing to use ICT for patient care and education.
Discussion: The study findings are consistent with those of previous studies that have confirmed the need for healthcare professionals that are ICT literate to use such technology to improve communication, information retrieval, and decision support.
Conclusion: ICT illiteracy is considered a deficiency that could be an obstacle to the successful implementation of EHRs. Several recommendations were developed, including recommending training courses on ICT for the dieticians and nutritionists so that they can provide better nutritional care to patients.

Background: Though adults are care providers and risk takers of a society, reports indicate that adult mortality conditions are not given much emphasis. This is due to a widespread perception that mortality among adults is low. Every year, more than 7•7 million children die before their fifth birthday; however, nearly 24 million of adults die under the age of 70 years. Identifying major determinants for adult death helps to alleviate the loss of the productive group. Therefore, this research is aimed to apply data mining techniques to build a model that can assist in predicting adult health status.
Methods: The hybrid model that was developed for academic research was followed. Dataset was preprocessed for data transformation, missing values and outliers. WEKA 3.6.8 data mining tools and techniques such as J48 decision tree and Naïve Bayes algorithms were employed to build the predictive model by using a sample dataset of 62,869 instances of both alive and died adults through three experiments and six scenarios. The area under the ROC curve for outcome class is used to evaluate performances of models from the predictive algorithms.
Results: In this study as compared to Bayes, the performance of J48 pruned decision tree reveals that 97.2% of accurate results are possible for developing classification rules that can be used for prediction. If no education in family and the person is living in rural highland and lowland, the probability of experiencing adult death is 98.4% and 97.4% respectively with concomitant attributes in the rule generated. The likely chance of adult to survive in completed primary school, completed secondary school, and further education is (98.9%, 99%, 100%) respectively.
Conclusion: Predictive model built with the use of data mining techniques suggests that education plays a considerable role as a root cause of adult death, followed by outmigration. The possibility of incorporating the findings of this study with knowledge based system should be explored so that experts can consult the system in their problem solving and decision making process. Further comprehensive and extensive experimentation is needed to substantially describe the loss experience of adult mortality in Ethiopia.

Organizations of all kinds make decisions based on the data they have at their disposal. In healthcare reporting, data quality and consistency are critical to ensuring patient safety and communicating health service delivery. Quality data provides accurate and timely information to manage services. It also provides good information to manage service effectiveness as well as aids to prioritize and ensure the best use of resources. The main objective of the study was to improve on data quality on expanded programme on immunization (EPI) in the New Juaben Municipality. The work aimed at improving the accuracy of reported number of vaccinations at vaccination delivery sites as well as assesses the completeness of data that was provided. A descriptive cross-sectional study was employed. The study involved structured observation of tallied data from EPI tally books from the eight health sub-districts in the Municipality. Purposive sampling was used for this study. Data Quality Self-Assessment Tool (DQS) was the main instrument used in presenting and analyzing the accuracy and discrepancy ratios of the data. The result demonstrated discrepancies in tallied data at the vaccination delivery sites, facility summary report and report submitted to the Municipal Health Directorate. In 2011, there was 2674 over reported data to the district level while 2824 over reported data was recorded in 2012 from the eight (8) health facilities used for the study. It was observed that less importance was attached to data capture at some health facilities in the sub-districts. It was also ascertained that data storage and retrieval was very poor in some facilities visited. There is therefore the need for regular monitoring in the sub-districts’ RCHs and Health Centers in the New Juaben Municipality of Ghana to correct the mistakes.

Aortic dehiscence is an uncommon but serious complication of aortic valve surgery. The most common presentation is that of congestive heart failure and or cardiogenic shock. A number of other local complications can ensue due to involvement of the fibrous skeleton of the heart. We present a case where the dehiscence of the aortic valve resulted in elevated pulmonary arterial pressures and right sided heart failure due to the involvement of the right ventricular outflow tract. We review the literature focusing on the causes, summarize the diagnostic findings and the local complications that can result from aortic dehiscence. This complication of aortic valve dehiscence has not been reported so far.

Objective: The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) is a long acting, safe, and reversible method that has a strong contraceptive effect. When using this method, menstrual bleeding disturbance and functional ovarian cysts are common. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between using LNG-IUSs with the development of a functional ovarian cyst and bleeding disturbance in Turkish women.
Material and methods: This is a prospective study including 273 Turkish women with regular menstrual cycles who had been administered LNG-IUS for contraception. We assessed their one-year follow-up results regarding bleeding patterns and functional ovarian cysts.
Results: Oligomenorrhea was the most commonly seen menstrual bleeding disorder, seen in 13.5% of all subjects. Oligomenorrhea occurred in the 4-6th months of using a LNG-IUS in 70.27% of the subjects. During the one-year follow-up, 28% of the subjects who were administered LNG-IUSs had ovarian cysts. While 36.36% of the ovarian cysts occurred within 4-6 months, 57.14% of them appeared between 7-12 months.
Conclusion: During 1-year short-term follow-up of those using LNG-IUSs, approximately one thirds of the subjects developed functional ovarian cysts and 13.5% of all complained of oligomenorrhea.

We report a case of a woman in the second trimester of pregnancy who attended our center with difficulty voiding. Based on physical and ultrasound examination, she was diagnosed with uterine incarceration. Management was conservative, through manual reduction and by bladder catheterization, facilitating spontaneous resolution of the uterine incarceration.