Journal of Immunobiology

Autoimmunity in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) represents a complex clinical phenomenon characterized by dysregulated immune responses that lead to autoimmune manifestations. This case series examines the clinical presentation, immunological features, and management strategies in patients with IEI who develop autoimmune disorders. Insights from these cases highlight the diverse spectrum of autoimmune diseases observed in IEI, ranging from systemic lupus erythematosus to autoimmune cytopenias and vasculitis. Understanding the underlying immunopathogenesis and genetic predispositions in these patients is crucial for optimizing diagnostic approaches and therapeutic interventions tailored to individualized immune profiles.

Antigen-antibody interactions are pivotal components of the adaptive immune response, essential for recognizing and neutralizing foreign antigens. This review explores the intricate molecular mechanisms governing these interactions, emphasizing their critical role in immunology, diagnostics, and therapeutic applications. The specificity of antibody binding, mediated through Complementarity-Determining Regions (CDRs) and diverse molecular forces, ensures precise antigen recognition. Affinity maturation processes further enhance antibody specificity and avidity, optimizing immune responses against pathogens and facilitating the development of advanced diagnostic assays. In clinical practice, antigenantibody interactions underpin a wide array of immunodiagnostic techniques, including Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs) and rapid diagnostic tests, pivotal for disease detection and monitoring. Moreover, monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) derived from these interactions have revolutionized therapeutic interventions, targeting specific antigens in cancer therapy, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. Advances in antibody engineering and computational modeling continue to refine our understanding and application of antigen-antibody interactions, promising further innovations in personalized medicine and biotechnology. Understanding these mechanisms enhances our ability to harness the immune system's capabilities effectively, shaping future strategies for disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Lung carcinoma is frequently accompanied by immunosuppression, a critical factor predisposing patients to life-threatening pulmonary infections. This review examines the mechanisms through which lung carcinoma-associated immunosuppression compromises host defenses, including impaired immune cell function, cytokine dysregulation, and disrupted mucosal barriers. The interplay between tumor microenvironment components such as regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and tumor-associated macrophages contributes significantly to immune evasion and susceptibility to infections. Furthermore, therapeutic interventions such as chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors exacerbate immunosuppression, further increasing infection risk. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies and preventive strategies to mitigate infection-related morbidity and mortality in lung carcinoma patients. Addressing immunosuppressioninduced vulnerabilities could potentially improve clinical outcomes and quality of life in this vulnerable patient population.

Chronic wounds represent a significant clinical challenge, characterized by impaired healing processes that prolong patient morbidity and healthcare costs. Traditional approaches to wound management often focus on controlling infection and promoting tissue regeneration. However, emerging research has highlighted the critical role of immune modulation in orchestrating wound healing dynamics. This review explores recent advancements in leveraging biomaterials and nanomedicine to modulate the immune system effectively towards promoting functional chronic wound healing. Key insights from experimental and clinical studies are synthesized to illustrate the potential of these innovative approaches in improving patient outcomes and advancing wound care practices.