Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medicine

Astrocytes, star-shaped glial cells in the Central Nervous System (CNS), play crucial roles in maintaining brain homeostasis, regulating synaptic function, and supporting neuronal health. Recent research has increasingly highlighted their significant involvement in the immune response to viral neuropathies. Viral infections of the CNS pose severe threats due to the brain's restricted ability to regenerate and the potential for long-term neurological deficits. Astrocytes, through their interactions with immune cells, cytokine production, and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), are key players in the CNS's defense mechanisms against viral pathogens. This article reviews current literature on astrocytes' roles in detecting viral infections, orchestrating the immune response, and mitigating neuronal damage. By exploring these dynamics, we aim to elucidate astrocytes' potential as therapeutic targets in managing viral neuropathies.

Influenza B virus poses a significant public health threat, particularly during seasonal outbreaks. Traditional treatments and vaccines have limited efficacy against diverse and evolving strains. In this context, antibodies targeting conserved viral components offer a promising therapeutic avenue. This article delves into the effector-independent in vivo activity of a robust influenza B neuraminidase (NA) widely neutralizing antibody (WNA). We explore the antibody’s mechanism, efficacy, and potential implications for future influenza therapies. Our literature review examines previous research on NA-targeting antibodies, while the discussion considers the antibody's therapeutic potential, advantages, and limitations. The conclusion highlights the significance of these findings in the broader context of influenza management.

Tick-borne Encephalitis (TBE) is a significant viral infection transmitted by tick bites, leading to severe neurological complications. Co-infections with other tick-borne pathogens, such as Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, complicate the clinical presentation and management of TBE. Proteomics, the large-scale study of proteins, offers insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms and potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. This article investigates the proteomic profile of plasma in patients with TBE and co-infections, aiming to elucidate the complex interactions between multiple pathogens and the host's immune response. We discuss current findings, challenges, and future directions in this emerging field.

Procalcitonin (PCT) has emerged as a significant biomarker for bacterial infections and has shown potential in guiding antibiotic therapy, particularly within the context of antimicrobial stewardship programs. This article explores the role of procalcitonin in hospitalized patients with seasonal influenza, focusing on its utility as an antimicrobial stewardship tool. By analyzing the current literature, this study investigates how PCT levels can differentiate between bacterial and viral infections, thereby optimizing antibiotic use, reducing unnecessary prescriptions, and ultimately combating antibiotic resistance. The findings indicate that PCT-guided therapy can effectively improve patient outcomes, decrease hospital costs, and support the global initiative for responsible antibiotic use.