Journal of Morphology and Anatomy

The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway in the wrist that allows the median nerve and several tendons to pass from the forearm to the hand. The carpal tunnel retinaculum, also known as the flexor retinaculum, is a thick band of connective tissue that forms the roof of the carpal tunnel. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the stability of the wrist and ensuring the smooth movement of the tendons and nerves that pass through the carpal tunnel.

The human knee joint is one of the most complex and frequently used joints in the body. It plays a critical role in supporting the weight of the body, absorbing shock, and facilitating movement. The knee joint is composed of several key structures, including the femur, tibia, patella, and a network of ligaments, tendons, and muscles.

The human ulnar nerve is one of the major nerves in the upper extremity, responsible for providing motor and sensory innervation to the hand and forearm. It originates from the brachial plexus, a network of nerves that emerge from the spinal cord in the neck. From there, it travels down the arm, passing through several important structures such as the axilla, the medial side of the upper arm, and the elbow joint.

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a region of the brain located in the frontal lobes, just behind the prefrontal cortex. It is part of the limbic system, which is involved in emotion regulation and the formation and retrieval of memories. The ACC has been implicated in a wide range of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes, including attention, decision making, conflict monitoring, empathy, and pain perception.

The human ear is a complex sensory organ responsible for detecting sound and maintaining balance. It is composed of three main parts: the outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear. Each part plays a critical role in the process of hearing and balance.