Journal of Mass Communication & Journalism

This study aims at investigating the working conditions of journalists in Swat after the militancy ended. Swat is a Militancy hit area and responsibilities of journalists were increased after 2006 when Taliban started their terrorist activities in this scenic valley. It was explored that majority of journalists feel free to write whatever they feel right. Swat journalist were very low paid media workers and have long duty hours than normal eight hours. Majority of journalists feel proud when they introduce their organization. Majority of respondents reported that their organization did not demand seeking of advertisements and did not ask to take care of advertisers’ interests. Almost all journalists consider that they have opted this field by choice and want to render services to country and society. It was revealed that media organizations did not compensate their workers in case of loss. Majority of journalists were not satisfied with their salaries and feared that they have threats to be removed from job. They were in search of better opportunities in other media organizations. Majority of respondents consider professional training and workshops necessary for journalists. Respondents feel that journalistic bodies are working for the welfare of journalists; they feel that they have required education of this field and were fit for this profession.

Today’s printing media evidences fundamental changes that are taking place particularly in terms of the type of publication and certain new forms of development affecting the printed news business. Gone are the days when people spent long hours reading broadsheets and grasped all the main information provided therein. Today’s written media has changed dramatically and this has been more pronounced with the introduction of desktop publishing and the virtual media. Presently, all major newspapers have their websites and these are continuously being modified to offer better reading comfort to readers. Alongside, there is also the possibility for readers to interact directly with the journalists and provide constant feedback to them. Newspapers have also changed their format and presentation. At the present time, traditional newspapers are getting smaller in format, downsizing from the broadsheet format to the Berliner or tabloid format. With more flexibility to improve presentation and navigation over the pages and sections, newspapers are better aimed at providing general and specific-related themes. This research paper analyses the development of the press in this new millennium and tends to relate both the written and the virtual media as a means of consolidating readership when it is globally known that the readership of the written press has dwindled. It aims at finding out how newspapers survive in today’s world, how they are dependent on new forms of technology and how they will have to review their strategies to keep themselves in business. It concludes by showing what strategies newspapers will need to retain readership which has become more uncertain with more demanding readers.

This study aims to fertilize research on parental mediation with the importance of parents’ positive media attitudes. In this study Swedish parents’ perceptions of media influences and their consequences on their child/ children aged 2-5 years are in focus. Data from a cross-sectional population survey performed by the Swedish Media Councilin 2010 covered a representative sample of children, aged 2-5 years in total 1 195. The results are that the parents have both positive as well as negative perceptions of media influences andthe factor analysis of the parents perceptions, depending on the media type, fall out in two to three dimensions-negative aspects of media influences, positive aspects of media influences and mixed positive and negative outcomes. In line with previous research it is very common to co-view/use media. But on the contrary to previous research it is even more common to discuss the content and experience with their 2-5 year old child/children. The more perceptions of positive media influence, the more often we co-view/use media with our child/children aged 2-5 years old. The opposite goes for the more we perceive negative media influences. However the same pattern only complies for instructive mediation when it comes to discussing films and TV and not for discussion games or content or experiences on the web.