Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering

Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) at infinite dilution is one of the most used techniques to characterize the physicochemical and surface properties of solid substrates. The surface specific free energy of model organic molecules adsorbed on solid surfaces, as well as their dispersive component of the surface energy was determined by IGC technique since 1982. The specific surface enthalpy and entropy of adsorption of polar molecules derived from the determination of the variations of the specific free energy of interaction of such molecules with the solid particles as a function of the temperature. Using the concept of the donor and acceptor numbers of electrons of polar molecules, the acid base constants KA, KD of solid surfaces can be determined by an empirical relationship. Many methods and models were used in the literature to quantify the surface properties of solid materials. However, many irregularities were found when applying the different methods to various solid substrates. The conclusions concerning the dispersive surface energy and the acid base properties in Lewis terms of many solids revealed some errors committed by using the different models and methods of IGC.

Currently, several lower limb amputations occurred from different injuries caused by nature, accidents, and disease. From those harmed civilians, most of them not able to use artificial limbs or prostheses due to the high cost of the orthopedic prosthesis. This review aims to find out different types of materials used in the production of lower cost lower limb prosthetic sockets. Various related articles from 1984 to 2020 were collected from the database of Science Direct, google scholar, and other websites. A total of 112 research papers were obtained and out of them, 26 papers were selected for this review. Studies indicate that prostheses can be produced possibly from metal and polymer composites as well as natural fiber reinforced composites. It has been also reported that prosthetic sockets produced from synthetic fiber reinforced composite can be made to be durable and strong by changing the fiber orientation and by adding Nanoparticles with different volume fractions. However, they are more costly, stiff, and rigged. Prosthetic sockets made from biodegradable natural fiber reinforced composite are less costly, less stiff compared to conventional synthetic fiber polymer composite, and more comfortable for patients. Studies showed the good mechanical properties of Ramie, kenaf, pineapple, and Banana fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites made these materials the promising candidate for prosthetic socket applications.

With the development of smart materials and the requirement of multifunctional systems, coatings were developed with the aim to improve and optimize many properties and especially in the electrical field (resistivity, conductivity, permittivity,..) Relative to the electrical conductivity, the need is growing in many activity areas with the recent tendencies (green technology and energy). Recently, the sol-gel route to process coatings was investigated for its ability to develop innovative multifunctional coatings. Because the sol-gel matrix is known to be completely insulating, the conductivity can be brought by the development of a composite material, with the incorporation of conductive fillers into the insulating network. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the sol-gel coatings, dedicated to the electrical conduction, started in the 2000’s. A rapid introduction will set the context including many “standard” applications of sol-gel coatings. Then, studies are gathered according to the fillers incorporated in the sol-gel formulation (Tables 1-3). Each coating is described in detailed. Correlations and tendencies are identified and discussed. The lowest surface electrical resistance is obtained using metallic fillers (145 mΩâ?¡), but the carbon fillers are very promising taking benefit of their various form factors. After an exhaustive presentation of the state of the art in this field, some new quantitative examples of coatings recently developed are presented. Various systems and architectures are detailed with associated applications. The major results show a surface electrical resistance comparable to the best values listed in the literature (around 130 mΩâ?¡), but with carbon fillers against metallic fillers. Furthermore, the combination of carbon fillers and the capability to develop a sol-gel multi-layer is demonstrated. Finally, a key point is relative to the application of these conductive sol-gel coatings on a complex shape substrate.

Three types of new polydiacetylenes were synthesized; {poly 6-butanoxy-2, 4-hexadiyne ether (A)}, {poly 1-oxydodecayle – 10, 12-docosadiyane 1, 22-diate (B)}, and {polymer poly 10, 12-docosadiyane 1, 22-4, 4-diamido azo benzene (C)} by using spinning technique thin films were grown on glass substrate. The optical properties were characterized it is found that the measured permeability spectra were high value in the visible and near IR wavelength region. The results showed that the values of optical energy gap for the polymer poly 10, 12-docosadiyane 1, 22-4, 4-diamido azo benzene C is less than the values of A and B. In addition, it is found that the permeability and optical gap decreased with increasing the thickness of thin films.

Being a Program Director to 4th International Conference on Materials Science and Materials Chemistry, I would like to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt thanks to all the experts and professionals for your active involvement in the concluded conference. It was an immense pleasure for us, that you joined our event and bestowed us by being Guests of Honour. Your precious time was of nice for us. Your involvement and interest towards our organization may be a nice support for us. All your valuable participations made a difference through your dedication and continued support for our program. Your ideas, inputs and enthusiasm were most helpful and have assisted in making valuable inputs in our program. It was nice to host you in our congress, and your kind words worth’s a lot to us. Professionals like you are a sort of encouragement for budding researchers to gain a lot of knowledge in Materials based studies and to explore new ideas for research.