Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering

Zirconium oxide and silicon dioxide powders are selected and subjected to a non-contact Biofield energy known to be transmitted by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. Particle sizes d50 and d99 showed up to 71.5 percent decrease indicating that the energy had caused deformation and fracture as if the powders have been subjected to high energy milling. This is also supported by increase in specific surface area up to 19.48 percent. In the present investigation Zirconium oxide and silicon dioxide powders are exposed to Bio-field. Both the exposed and unexposed powders are later characterized by various techniques. The treated powders when characterized by X-ray diffraction are found to exhibit significant increase and decrease in the lattice parameters of the unit cell, crystallite size and density. The lattice parameters are then used to compute the molecular weight and total number of protons and neutrons in the molecule, which showed an increase up to 0.24 and decrease up to 0.31 percent. It is speculated that the Biofield energy transmitted by Mr. Trivedi is acting on the nucleus in the atoms through some reversible weak interaction of larger cross section causing changes in the proton to neutron ratios and thus energy to mass and mass to energy. Thus the effect is felt by all the atoms, and hence the unit cell, single crystal grain and grain boundaries. The stresses generated in turn may have caused deformation and fracture of the weak interfaces in the polycrystalline powders such as the crystallite and grain boundaries.

To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports has been cited in the literature on the photo catalytic properties of CdxMg1-xFe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles under solar light irradiation to till date. Considering the importance of CdxMg1-x Fe2O4 nanoparticles and their wide applications, we made an attempt to synthesize CdxMg1-x Fe2O4 (x=0.3,0.5,0.7,1.0) nanoparticles by co-precipitation method at 80°C then filtered and washed with distilled water. After drying, heat treatment was carried out for 3 hours at 600°C. The prepared samples were characterized using XRD (X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy) and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetric) methods. The XRD result shows that all prepared samples crystallite size are in the range of 28 nm to 58 nm and lattice constant in the range of 8.41 to 8.68 nm. Scanning Electron Microscopy result shows that all the samples are spherical almost uniform in shape and the crystal size below 50 nm. XEDS result shows that the main components of the prepared samples are Cd, Mg, Fe and Oxygen. Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy results clearly indicate the Cd-Mg nano Ferrite are synthesized. Differential scanning calorimeter graphs shows the phase formation of all the samples. Band gap energy of the synthesized samples is calculated using the general equation E=mc2 and found 2.95 -3.21 eV through Ultra Violet-Visible Spectrophotometer absorption studies. The photo catalytic property of CdxMg1-xFe2O4 nanoparticles was calculated during the Methyl Orange degradation with different time interval under solar light irradiation and found that Cd0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4 having good Photocatalytic properties for Methyl Orange degradation.

The ability of heat is to change or modify the physical and mechanical characteristics of metals is an important aspect of manufacturing. The heat treatment processes is generally adapted to the processing of carbon steels in the production field. The content of carbon in mild steel is less than 0.3% and it requires sufficient hardness on surface of a component. Because of the lack of carbon, the metals to be processed under the carburizing Process. The carburizing process is diffuses carbon in to the surface of heat treated components in an atmosphere controlled furnace. The purpose of carburizing is to increases the surface carbon content, on the surface region or case depth/layer. Fick’s law describes the instantaneous flow of diffusing atoms in the case layer. This case depth is controlled by the diffusion of carbon atoms through the surface layers of the work piece and achieves maximum hardness during subsequent quench hardening in the surface hardening. The major types of surface hardening processes are: carburizing, carbonitriding and induction hardening. The objective is to improve the surface properties of a component, mainly in the hardness on the surface. These surface/case hardening operations are quite important also to static and dynamic strength with wear and seizure properties. In this article focused to an evaluation of surface hardening and the effects of diffusion layer formation during the heat treatment process are to be studied and analyzed.

Biomass husk is a cost effective source to produce silicon based ceramics. Present work deals with the catalytic synthesis of silicon carbide from biomass husk of indigenous rice as raw materials. Rice husk samples were treated with different concentrations of sodium silicate, 40% hydrochloric acid and a mixture of 40% HCl and 2 gl-1 Na2SiO3. Treated husk were pyrolysed at 1350°C in argon atmosphere and then oxidised to eliminate unreacted carbon. Products were characterised by XRD, SEM and EDS techniques in order to confirm the carbide formation, to identify carbide morphology and to conduct elemental analysis respectively.Maximum yield was obtained in case of catalytic treatment with 2 gl-1 Na2SiO3. Acid treatment, although showed no considerable increase in yield, fostered whiskers formation instead of particles.

Vanadium pentoxide powders are very useful in producing ferrous as well as aluminiumalloys, inremoving carbon and sulphur and as catalysts in synthesizing ammonia and sulphuric acid. It is also used as corrosion inhibitor petroleum and chemical processing. In the present investigation V2O5 powders are exposed to biofield. Both the exposed and unexposed powders are later characterized by various techniques. The average particle size is found to decrease with increase in number of days after treatment upto a maximum of 15.9% in 110 days indicating severe fracture at agglomerate/crystallite boundaries. The BET surface area showed a surprising decrease (it should increase as particle size is decreased) of 7.22% in 109 days indicating the surface densification/removal of sharp surface corners/formation of large particles. SEM photographs indeed showed that samples exposed to biofield after 20 days showed increase in size as well as rounded corners. Thermal analysis indicated an increase in melting temperature by 9.9% in samples treated after 57 days along with a much reduced change in weight. X-ray diffraction of the powder samples indicated both increase and decrease in crystallite size, unit cell volume and molecular weight of samples exposed to biofield after 28, 104, 124 and 139 days. These results indicate that the catalytic nature of vanadium pentoxide can be controlled by exposing to bio field and using after a specific number of days after exposure.

In this paper a comparative study of the electronic transport phenomenon in the semiconductor II-VI alloy HgCdTe is presented. In this study we have adopted Monte Carlo simulation. The model of the method used in this work takes into account the valleys, L and X of the conduction band, in which considered isotropic but not parabolic. This model provides a detailed description of the electronic dynamic and the electrons behavior at high electrical fields and high temperatures in these materials in each considered valleys. Furthermore, he permits two main functions: the calculation of the scatterings rates taken into consideration and the determination of the instantaneous quantities such as speed, energy etc. The obtained results, compared on many experimental reference frames, are satisfactory.

In the present work nickel-cobalt oxide nanocomposite were prepared using well known co-precipitation method. For comparison nano nickel oxide and nano cobalt oxide was also prepared. The samples were annealed at 500°C and characterized using SEM, TG, FTIR, XRD and UV. The dielectric studies at various frequencies of nickel-cobalt oxide nanocomposite were also done. The results showed that the capacitance of the as prepared and the annealed samples varied from milli farad to pico farad range. From this study it can be concluded that the present material by proper tuning can be used as a supercapacitor.