Journal of Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome, a multifaceted cluster of conditions encompassing insulin resistance, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and inflammation, poses a significant global health challenge. This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge on the pathophysiology, clinical implications, and management strategies associated with metabolic syndrome. In exploring the intricate interplay of insulin resistance, obesity-related inflammation, and hormonal factors, we elucidate the mechanisms underlying this syndrome. Clinical implications delve into the heightened risks of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and renal dysfunction, emphasizing the syndrome's profound impact on morbidity and mortality. The review critically examines lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and weight management strategies, underscoring their pivotal roles in mitigating metabolic syndrome. Additionally, we highlight the importance of regular monitoring and patient education in fostering sustained self-management. Current research advancements and emerging therapies are discussed, providing insights into the evolving landscape of metabolic syndrome management. Challenges and future directions underscore the complexities of addressing this syndrome and propose avenues for further investigation. This review aims to consolidate existing knowledge, inform healthcare practices, and stimulate ongoing research to enhance our understanding and management of metabolic syndrome in the pursuit of improved public health outcomes.

Objective: Serum ferritin is a sensitive and key indicator of iron accumulation, and serum ferritin levels can be elevated due to risk factors for many diseases. Obesity is a manifestation of metabolic dysfunction, and our study purpose was to assess the relationship between body adiposity indexes and serum ferritin level and estimate risk.

Materials and methods: A total of 227 Mongolian men between the ages of 30 and 60 participated (45.5 ± 8.4 years) in the study and were classified as normal ferritin, hyperferritinemia, and iron overload based on serum ferritin levels.

Results: Anthropometric measurements that indicate obesity and indexes that indicate visceral adiposity, lipid accumulation, and insulin resistance increased significantly in the groups with an increased ferritin level (p<0.05). A positive correlation was observed between serum ferritin and the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP), Triglyceride-Glucose Index (TyG) indexes, and logistic regression analysis showed that increased serum ferritin was significantly associated with increased VAI, LAP and TyG. Even after adjusting for possible cofounders, TyG remained a significant risk factor for elevated serum ferritin.

Conclusion: Our study results concluded that body fat is one of the risk factor to increase the serum ferritin level and alters iron metabolism for Mongolian men. Body adiposity indexes, which are formulas for anthropometric measurements and functional parameters, are indicators of the prevention of increased iron accumulation in serum, so it is necessary to study them in conjunction with other factors in the future.

Cholesterol, often vilified in popular discourse due to its association with heart disease, is a vital molecule for human health. It plays crucial roles in cell membrane structure, hormone synthesis, and bile acid production. However, maintaining cholesterol homeostasis is essential, as dysregulated levels can lead to atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the dynamic processes of cholesterol metabolism provides insights into cellular regulation and potential therapeutic targets for managing cholesterol-related disorders. Cholesterol metabolism is a complex and tightly regulated process essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and overall health. Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism is associated with a myriad of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic syndromes. This review aims to elucidate the intricate dynamics of cholesterol metabolism, encompassing its synthesis, uptake, storage, and efflux pathways. We delve into the molecular mechanisms governing cholesterol transport within cells, intercellular cholesterol trafficking, and the role of key regulatory proteins such as the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins and liver X receptors.

Metabolic dysfunction presents a complex interplay of factors disrupting the body's intricate regulatory mechanisms. This article explores the multifaceted causes, encompassing genetic predispositions, lifestyle influences, environmental exposures, and underlying medical conditions, contributing to metabolic imbalance. Delving into its effects, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity, and inflammation, it underscores the pervasive impact on overall health. Management strategies, emphasizing dietary interventions, physical activity, stress management, and potential medication, offer avenues for mitigating metabolic dysfunction's consequences and promoting optimal metabolic health.

Precision healthcare aims to tailor medical treatments and interventions to individual patients, leveraging advanced technologies to optimize outcomes and minimize adverse effects. Metabolomics, the comprehensive analysis of small molecules in biological samples, has emerged as a promising frontier in this pursuit. By characterizing the unique metabolic signatures associated with various physiological states, diseases, and responses to treatments, metabolomics offers invaluable insights into personalized medicine. This review explores recent advancements in metabolomic profiling techniques and their applications in deciphering intricate metabolic networks underlying health and disease. Furthermore, it discusses the integration of metabolomic data with other omics disciplines and clinical parameters to enhance diagnostic accuracy, predict treatment responses, and identify novel therapeutic targets. Through elucidating the complex interplay between metabolism and disease phenotypes, metabolomic signatures hold immense potential to revolutionize healthcare by enabling tailored interventions that address the specific needs of individual patients.