Journal of Nursing & Care

Introduction: Diarrhoea remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old worldwide. Worldwide, the majority of deaths related to diarrhoea take place in Africa and South Asia. The aim of the study was designed to assess practice of mothers towards management of diarrhoea for children less than five years and associated factors.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study involving 335 mothers/care givers was conducted in Ginchi town. The sample size was calculated using a single proportion formal method, and the study participants were selected using a systematic sampling method. For analysis, the collected data was entered into Epi-data (version 3.5.1) and exported to SPSS 23.0. There were descriptive analyses carried out. To find predictors, bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used.

Results: The study had a total of 326 participants, with a 97.3 percent response rate. According to the report, 193 people (59 percent) have good practices for dealing with diarrhea in children under the age of five. And 181 (56%) stated that they should properly prepare ORS for their children when they are suffering from diarrhea. High school attendance [AOR (95%CI) 0.04 [0.013, 0.126] Second income class [AOR (95%CI) 0.19 [0.04, 0.94] and attending elementary school [AOR (95%CI) 0.17 [0.06, 0.47] were predictors of under-five diarrhea management.

Conclusion: majority of the respondents had good practice toward management of diarrhea. . Mothers' educational status, being mothers in relationship and income were found to be predictors of diarrhea management. As a result, health education and awareness programs for mothers and caregivers on diarrhea control, proper use of ORS, home-based fluid preparation, and diarrhea prevention are critical.

Background: Antenatal Care (ANC) and the attendance of a skilled health worker at birth are fundamental aspects of reproductive health care that all pregnant mothers should have access to. However, the proportion of mothers attending antenatal care services and levels of facility-based delivery service utilization were low in developing countries.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study to assess ANC and health facility delivery practice among 208 women who had at least one birth one year prior to the study in Dupti woreda (district), Afar region, Northeast Ethiopia. The data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0. Chi-Square test of independence was used to determine the association between ANC use and each of the predictor variables. Binary logistic regression analyses were also used to estimate the associations between independent variables and the place of delivery.

Results: The proportion of mothers attending antenatal care services at least once were 71.6% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 65.0%-78.0%) while only 51.0% of these mothers had made the WHO recommendation of at least four ANC visits. However, 65.4% [95% CI: 59.0%-72.0%] of mothers gave birth at health facilities. The study also showed that the recommended ANC visits were associated with facility-based delivery service utilization in the study area. ANC service utilization, woman's autonomy in choice of place of delivery and the presence of pregnancy related problem during pregnancy were most significant predictors of health facility delivery service utilization by mothers (P <0.05).

Conclusion: The percentage of at least once and fourth ANC visits were 71.6% and 51.0% respectively in the study area. The utilization of facilitybased delivery service was lower among women who had at least one birth one year prior to the study compared to those women who attended antenatal care services at least once. Promoting information, education and communication regarding ANC and health facility delivery service utilization, expansion and improving quality of ANC and facility delivery care services and empowerment of women are needed for optimization of the condition of the mother and the fetus.

Based on the Chinese General Social Survey database (2013-2017), this paper investigates the relationship between leisure activity engagement and happiness in China when the standard correlates of happiness are held as controls. Fixed effect models indicate that leisure activity engagement is positively related to respondents’ happiness, and respondents who are female, married, better educated, higher in personal annual income, owned more houses report higher level of happiness. We further investigate the relationship between engaging in 12 types of leisure activities and happiness. Except watching sports, the more frequently respondents watch TV/DVDs, going out for movies, shopping, reading books/newspapers/magazines, attending culture events, meeting relatives who don’t live together, meeting friends, listening to music at home, participating in exercises, making handicrafts and surfing online, the higher level of happiness that respondents report. Overall, this study provides empirical finding to verify the contribution of leisure activity engagement to Chinese people’s happiness, which has implications to making China’s leisure-related policy and industry practices.

Patients that have type 2 diabetes mellitus have a great risk of having several comorbidities. These include hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, obesity, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease and neuropathy, along with many others. On average 1 in 5 Americans or 22.5% has heart disease. According to the American Heart Association, that is expected to rise to 45.1% by 2035. According to the CDC, 30.3 million Americans have diabetes. Only 23.1 million of those have been diagnosed and are being treated. An estimate 33.9% of Americans 18 years and older have prediabetes.