Journal of Nursing & Care

The Aim of the review is detection, prevention and management of comorbidities. Rheumatoid Arthritis patients, besides arthritis complaints also have comorbid conditions. The aim of this review is to consider associated comorbidities and discuss their management in RA patients.

Asthma has classically been categorized into several phenotypes to address the complexities of this disease. However, phenotypes only cover the clinically relevant aspects of the disease, but do not address the relationship between the disease and its etiology and pathophysiology. This led to the development of the term “endotypes” which links key pathogenic mechanisms with asthma phenotypes, and ultimately leads to better selection of treatment resulting in improved response. Although the exact pathogenesis of asthma is still under investigation, targeted-therapy based on asthma phenotypes and endotypes has shown some success, and the future appears promising for patients suffering from severe asthma since treatment is being tailored according to individual biology. We review in this manuscript the best evidence and updates currently available in the classification and treatment recommendations for severe asthma.

Aim: Technology is essential for nursing care and is seen as support that puts a transforming action into practice. Methods: Integrative review consulting 97 issues of the Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem published from 2000 to 2015. Results: A total of 2,163 papers were identified, 15 of which were included in the corpus of analysis: 40% of these referred to technologies aimed to aid direct care provided to patients, 33% addressed education in nursing; and 27% addressed the management of services. The largest number (three) of papers was published between 2010 and 2011, followed by two papers published in 2009. The remaining years together totalled 46%. Conclusion: Given the daily practice of nurses, they are able to identify needs that can be met by the production of technology of their own authorship or in partnership with other professionals. Nonetheless, the papers do not present a discussion from this perspective or regarding intellectual property and do not present a taxonomy regarding technology and technological production in the nursing field.

Objective: Nursing students must be educated on their role in creating a social justice agenda in healthcare; therefore, academia must establish effective methods to teach these essential concepts. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of an integrated approach to learning social justice. This research provides evidence of the potential efficacy and utility of interactive teaching strategies in the affective domain of nursing students. Methods: The intervention, select affective pedagogical strategies, was designed to integrate content into each semester of the undergraduate nursing curriculum, each were interactive in nature and enhanced the affective learning for the student. The approach aimed at integration of these strategies in a way that decreased further burden for faculty, yet created an environment that enhances the understanding of social justice. Using a pre/posttest design, this study administered the Social Justice Attitudes Scale (SJS), a 24-item questionnaire which is categorized into four sub-scales. A sample of 86 undergraduate nursing students completed the pre-test in the first semester of their nursing program and the post-test in the final semester of their nursing program. Results: The Paired Wilcoxon Rank Sum test was conducted to determine the difference between the pre-test median and the post-test median for each of the four subscales of the SJS; significance set at an alpha of 0.05, all four statistical analyses resulted in a p=<0.001. Conclusion: Reviewing pedagogy in nursing curriculum is an arduous task, but is necessary in order to understand instances in which courses may be lacking in socializing nursing students to the importance of professional nursing values, such as social justice. Integrating affective pedagogical strategies across the continuum of a baccalaureate nursing program has the potential to improve knowledge and intention to act regarding social justice.

Hospitalized patients and patients treated in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are at high risk of contracting infectious diseases, mainly lung diseases resulting from respiratory pathogens found in the oral cavity due to deficient oral health maintenance. This problem could be avoided through preventive actions that require minimum intervention. The surface of the tooth, tongue and prostheses, as well as the ICU devices in contact with the patients’ mouth, is large reservoirs for pathogens. Thus, cleaning the patients’ mouth and removing infection foci may positively influence the quality of life and well-being of critically ill patients. The aim of the current study is to address the importance of having dentists in the health teams working in ICUs, as well as the activities performed, the necessary dental care and the relation between oral and systemic conditions. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Catholic University of Brasília, Brazil, under protocol number CAAE 44578215.0.0000.0029. It was concluded that the lack of preventive measures, as well as the deficient oral cavity hygiene and clinical care in ICUs, are risk factors for the development of systemic diseases, mainly of diseases affecting the respiratory and cardiological tracts; therefore, the participation of dental surgeons in the interdisciplinary team is crucial to promote health in hospital environments.

Today, in the 21st century, the academic nurse educators who are devoted to educate the nurses of tomorrow, have to be exposed to the technological era, in order to provide themselves and their student’s appropriate tools to handle the digital changes. One of the most urgent missions is to deal with negative emotions that might arise during the implementation of new Information Technology (I.T) and to promote a feeling of excitement (challenge) in order to help nurse educators gain knowledge and skills to use information and other technologies. The main goal of the study was to examine the academic nurse educators' emotions such as threat and challenge regarding the use of I.T, including a number of variables such as self-efficacy, innovativeness, attitudes, intention to use, and actual use of I.T. Method: This study was a quantitative research. The research tool was a written and online survey that was submitted to 109 academic nurse educators working at ten different academic nursing schools in Israel. Results: Threat negatively predicted actual I.T use, while Challenge positively predicted it. Personality factors like sense of innovation, self-efficacy and attitudes, fully mediated the direct effect of emotional factors. Conclusion: Awareness and activity to strengthen the connection between emotions' feeling and nurses' I.T use, will ensure a better integration of new technology in healthcare, and will promote a great benefit for the nursing profession.

Introduction: Medical error reporting has been recognized as the cornerstone of patient safety practices; however, healthcare personnel often do not report errors. In order to increase the frequency of error reporting, it is important to understand both the healthcare workers' attitudes towards reporting, as well as what they perceive as barriers. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to identify the medical error reporting attitudes of healthcare personnel worldwide, as well as the barriers they encounter and their suggestions to increase reporting. Methods: The national and international databases were scanned to identify the studies performed on medical error attitudes and barriers. A total of 28 studies that fit the criteria were evaluated. Results: According to the studies that were analyzed, the most commonly encountered reporting barrier was the fear of individual and legal accusations among healthcare personnel. The personnel most frequently suggested using anonymous reporting systems, modifying the "accusation" culture and encouraging timely reporting in order to eliminate the reporting barriers. Conclusion: This review provides up-to-date information on medical error reporting barriers, solution suggestions directed towards these barriers, and suggestions from healthcare personnel for an effective reporting system. It will guide healthcare providers, quality and risk management unit employees, administrators, and institutions that are trying to develop an effective reporting system toward quality patient care.

Objective: This study was designed to identify preferences and utilization of drug information (DI) resources, and to assess perceived level of drug information skill for pharmacists enrolled in a Non-traditional Doctor of Pharmacy (NTDP) program. Background: The ability to search for, utilize and apply drug information is an essential skill for pharmacists to fulfill their role as the primary source of drug knowledge. However, with exponential growth in the abundance of information, the increasing availability of an array DI resources and as a advocacy measures for provider status and MTM reimbursement intensify, knowing appropriate DI skills has become a challenge for pharmacists. Therefore, understanding the baseline knowledge of practicing pharmacists, such as those in NTDP programs, is crucial for determining how to design effective training measures. Methods: An 18-question survey was distributed to the participants (n=18) to assess their drug resource preferences and perceived skill level. Descriptive statistics were used and Chi-square analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 23. Results: General search engines (55.6%)was the most preferred tool for respondents’ drug information search activities, while 72% of respondents frequently used Google for drug information inquiries. However, only 17%of the respondents always cross-checked preliminary search results with other resources, and only 22 percent always verified the authenticity of the websites used. The level of confidence in drug information skills and in the accuracy of information obtained was notably high amongst NTDP students with 72% and 100%, respectively, selecting confident or very confident. Conclusion: Observation from the study suggests that pharmacists should be more aware of the possible risks to patient safety inherent in using Google or other search engines, and should be steered toward utilization of more reputable, evidence-based DI resources.

Objective: To explores nursing faculty members? attitudes towards older people, their thoughts about gerontologic nursing education. Method: Five focus groups and a survey were used with nursing faculty members (132) at the three nursing schools to explore their attitudes towards the care of older people and the perceived status of gerontological nursing education. The survey was given to 132 faculty members, including 76 clinical instructors, 40 associate professors and 16 professors. The nursing faculty in general had a positive attitude toward older people (M=3.36, SD 0.25) and teachers' attitudes were higher than those of their nursing students (M=3.18, SD0.29). Results: This study results suggests that Saudi nursing curricula should include more extensive gerontology content and clinical experience with older people. Conclusion: This is the first time in Saudi Arabia that research has listened to their voices and examined their commitments toward gerontology education.