Neurological Disorders

Introduction: The complexity of the pathology treated by this route, frequently of tumor origin, lies in the close anatomical relationship that they have with
important neurovascular structures which, most of the time, are deformed, displaced or completely engulfed in them.
Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. The universe of study was made up of all the patients operated by an endoscopic
endonasal approach at the Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, in the period from May 2017 to April 2021.
Results: A sample of 65 patients was identified. The average age was 52 years. Among the treated lesions, patients with pituitary macroadenomas (52.3%),
followed by craniopharyngioma (20%) predominated. The postoperative complications that were recorded in our series were postoperative CSF fistula, epistaxis
and vascular lesion (frontopolar artery) with a total of 3 cases (4.6%) and two deaths (2.9%) The degree of tumor resection in our series was total in 64.7% of the
cases operated on by both the standard endoscopic endonasal approach (21.5%) and the extended approach for 43.2%.
Conclusion: The endoscopic endonasal approach is a fundamental tool for the management of most lesions of the anterior cranial base and the sellar / parasellar
region because it allows for extensive resections with a relatively low number of complications.

It is well known by the medical community that stress overload negatively impacts the health and well-being of individuals on psychological, emotional, spiritual, and
physical levels. The results from multiple studies and research show that regular self-care does, in fact, help combat the negative effects of stress overload. However, the
year 2020 has created such an elevated level of chronic stress that traditional self-care may no longer be enough to combat these negative effects effectively. By adding a
new kind of self-care, called simple self-care to our busy daily schedules when done on a regular basis, has been proven to further reduce the negative effects of stress on
a more immediate level. This paper examines the definition and concepts of simple self-care which has been federally copyrighted as a concept and theory of application,
along with the benefits it has on creating a healthier lifestyle of stressing less and living happier. These results are supported by an accumulation of multiple studies and
research which has been documented in reports and books pertaining to negative effects of chronic stress, human anatomy and physiology, and the benefits of self-care.
The data suggests that by adding short intervals of simple self-care into our daily schedules regularly, we can start negating the harmful effects of stress overload and begin
building up our stress resistance to better deal with chronic stress leading to a healthier and happier future.

As we know that pain is the most common reason for which a patient takes medicine. Pain is not a single entity but may be classified as nociceptive pain, inflammatory
pain, and neuropathic pain. In this review we have exclusively Neuropathic pain is caused by the direct lesion on the neuron or damage or dysfunction of peripheral
or central neurons. Although the neuropathic pain is single entity theoretically but it involve broad arena of receptor and mediators like melanocortin and its receptor
(Type4), TLR7, TLR8, Sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor, CCL2, P2X4, and PARP-1 regulated expression of inflammatory mediator. Because of such dynamic interplay
amongst the mediators and its corresponding receptor in addition to the inflammatory ligand and its receptor even the smallest stimulation results in spontaneous intense
pain after that it gets transformed into chronic pain syndrome which is difficult to treat. In chronic pain syndrome, plastic changes occur in nociceptive neurons which
can’t be reversed by pharmacological treatment. In this review, we have discussed the core pathophysiology of neuropathic pain and advances in mediator and receptor
accompanied their consequences or interaction to sustain the neuropathic pain.

Evidences are escalating on the diverse neurological disorders associated with COVID-19 pandemic. The theoretical discovery of Sanal flow choking is a paradigm shift in the
diagnostic science of asymptomatic stroke causing neurological disorders in earth and at the microgravity condition (human spaceflight). A critical review has been carried out herein for correlating the phenomenon of Sanal flow choking (PMCID: PMC7267099) and hemorrhagic stroke. Herein, we show that when systolic to diastolic blood pressure ratio (BPR) reaches the lower critical hemorrhage index (LCHI) the internal flow choking and shock wave generation occurs in the downstream region of the vessels, with sudden expansion, divergence, bifurcation, stenosis and/or occlusion, leading to pressure overshoot causing brain hemorrhage and/or neurological disorders. The critical BPR for internal flow choking is uniquely regulating by the biofluid/blood heat capacity ratio (BHCR). The BHCR is well correlated with BPR and blood viscosity. The closed form analytical model reveals that the relatively high and the low blood viscosity are risk factors of internal flow choking causing aneurysm and hemorrhagic stroke. In vitro data shows that fresh blood samples of healthy subjects evaporate at a temperature range of 37°C-40°C (98.6°F-104°F) and generate carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen gases in the vessel. The single phase in silico results demonstrated the occurrence of Sanal flow choking and pressure overshoot causing memory effect (stroke history) leading to progressive neurological disorders. We concluded that disproportionate blood thinning medication increases the risk of flow choking causing hemorrhagic stroke. The risk of brain hemorrhage and various types of neurological disorders in COVID-19 patients and others in earth and microgravity environment could be diminished by concurrently lessening the viscosity of biofluid/blood and flow turbulence by increasing the thermal tolerance level in terms of BHCR and/or by decreasing the BPR. The effect of Sanal flow choking is more severe in blood vessels with divergent/bifurcation regions because it leads to the shock wave generation and the transient pressure overshoot causing irreversible neuronal damage forming the core of infarction. We concluded that, for a healthy life all subjects with high BPR inevitably has high BHCR for reducing the risk of the internal flow choking (biofluid/Sanal flow choking) triggering neurological disorders as results of infraction.