Journal of Oncology Medicine & Practice

The most common cancer in women worldwide is breast cancer. It is also the leading cancer affecting women in South Africa. When breast cancer is detected early, it improves the outcome of the disease and reduces mortality. The knowledge of female university students were assessed by the use of self-administered questionnaires and oneon- one interview. Participants lacked knowledge on breast cancer risk factors, as majority of them only knew about family history being a risk factor. Majority of the participants had never been educated by their healthcare provider on breast cancer and its screening.

Newly discovered compounds showing unique properties can have profound effect on development of medicine. As far as carbon is concerned, a discovery of great consequences for medicine was that of a new allotropic form of carbon known as fullerene. Recently much interest has been paid to the application of carbon nanotubes as carriers of therapeutic drugs, biosensors, in gene therapy or in anticancer therapy.

Aim: In our study we found the Lung cancer is a most common malignant tumor and important cause of cancerrelated death worldwide. Lung Adenocarcinoma is the most ordinary type of lung cancer, accounting for about 20-30% of lung cancer. The aims of this study to investigate the expression of PTRF in lung adenocarcinoma and determine if the loss of PTRF expression occur with the progression of lung adenocarcinoma.

Material and Methods: Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to verify the PTRF expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) and normal lung (NL). And PTRF expression status was also detected in the lung adenocarcinoma cells by western blot.

Results: Totally 41 differentially expression proteins were identified. Eighteen proteins are up regulated in the lung adenocarcinoma and 23 proteins are down regulated in the lung adenocarcinoma. Western blot and IHC shows the PTRF expression is down regulated in the lung adenocarcinoma. PTRF expression has close relationship with the gender and T stage.

Conclusion: PTRF expression is down-regulated in lung adenocarcinoma tissue and lung carcinoma cells and the loss of PTRF expression occur with progression of lung adenocarcinoma. PTRF expression has a close relationship with gender and T stage of lung adenocarcinoma. PRTF may be apotential target in the future.

Purpose: This institutional-based study aims to reflect changes in diagnosis, surgery, radiotherapy, systemic therapy by retrospectively analysing treatment modalities and outcome during the past 30 years of breast cancer. We hypothesized these changes result in better outcome.

Material and methods: 2990 women are included, aged 18–95, no previous cancer, unilateral stage I-III primary breast tumors, breast-conserving surgery (BCS) or mastectomy (ME), postoperative radiotherapy (RT) and where indicated systemic treatment. Patients were divided in 3 cohorts stratified by year of diagnosis: 1984-1991, 1992- 1999 and 2000-2008. The interval of cohorts was based on institutional changes in systemic regimens.

Results: Over time, median age at diagnosis was similar, patients >70 year increased (19.5 to 25.7%). Over the 3 cohorts: stage migration is observed, determination of tumor grading became routine, proportions of known ER/PR status increased. Over time an obvious shift to less mutilating surgery is observed. Systemic treatment increased significantly during the observed period.

In stage I disease, overall (OS), local control (LC) and disease free survival (DFS) didn’t change. In stage II, a significant increase in 10 years OS and DFS (p= 0.02 and 0.001) is observed. In stage III we noticed a significant increase in 10 years DFS (p=0.04) and trend in increase of 10 years OS (p= 0.06). Local Recurrence free survival (RFS) didn’t change significantly for all stages.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated an improved outcome for stage II and III over time in our population with the same local control. This is multifactorial, reflecting changes in diagnostic imaging, surgery and increased use of systemic therapy.