Journal of Surgery

Western University's Department of Surgery, which was established in 1881, is one of the largest departments in the Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry. The department, which has eight divisions, has grown a lot in the past ten years. The J.C. Kennedy Chair in Orthopaedic Surgery, the Sandy Kirkley Chair in Musculoskeletal Research, the Graham King Musculoskeletal Research Chair and the Ray and Margaret Elliott Chair in Surgical Innovation are just a few of the endowed chairs that have been established in recent years. The department's international visibility has significantly increased as a result of international initiatives in education, research and surgical advancements. The department has become a sought-after training opportunity due to its long history of surgical innovation and patient-centered care.

Machemer's introduction of the intraocular vitrectomy instrument has made remarkable progress in vitreoretinal surgery, making it possible to surpass the limits of human physiologic capabilities. Robotic technologies have been looked into as a way to get around the limitations of perception, tremor and dexterity. Right now, some of these developments are getting close to being practical for clinical use. The research has revealed four distinct categories of robotic systems: magnetic guidance robots, hand-on-hand robotic systems, teleoperated robotic systems and instruments with intrinsic robotic assistance For safe and cost-effective clinical deployment of robotic systems in vitreoretinal surgery, this review examines the advancements that have been made as well as the needs that remain.