Journal of Phylogenetics & Evolutionary Biology

The goal of the field of phylogenetics has been to provide knowledge about the evolution of living organisms ever since Charles Darwin proposed that the "natural system" should be represented as a genealogical tree that will reflect the evolution of organisms and Haeckel created the first tree of life and coined the term "phylogeny." This objective has been the constant focus of Phylogenetics' development for more than a century. Early attempts to recreate trees relied on comparing phenotypes, notably morphological traits. It was suggested in 1904 that molecular data would offer a more mathematical method of determining the evolution of organisms than phenotypic traits.

Global climate change is one of the most significant environmental issues facing the world today. The increase in greenhouse gas emissions from human activities is causing the earth's temperature to rise, leading to a range of environmental changes. One of the most significant impacts of global climate change is on animals. The purpose of this article is to review the current research on the effects of global climate change on animals.

The severe effects of global warming expected on crops will ultimately have an influence on not just food security but also feed and food safety, with mycotoxins being one of the most serious food safety issues impacted by climate change. This is because reduced yields lead to decreased food availability. It is projected that future changes in temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric CO2 concentration may increase the danger of mycotoxin contamination of cereal crops in the field and may have an impact on the distribution of particular cereals, mycotoxigenic fungus, and their mycotoxins.

Amylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into simpler sugars. Biotechnological methods have been widely employed for the production of amylase due to their efficiency and cost-effectiveness. In this study, we explore the use of infectious techniques for the production of amylase. Specifically, we use genetic engineering to incorporate the amylase gene into a virus that can infect bacterial cells. The infected bacteria then produce large quantities of amylase, which can be harvested and purified for commercial applications. Our results demonstrate the feasibility and potential of this approach for the production of amylase using biotechnological methods. This research could pave the way for the development of new and innovative biotechnological strategies for enzyme production.