Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine

Air pollution is a pressing global issue that significantly affects public health, especially in urban areas. With the rapid industrialization and urbanization of cities, the levels of air pollutants have risen dramatically, posing severe risks to respiratory health. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of air pollution on lung health in urban environments, exploring the major pollutants, mechanisms of action, and the epidemiological evidence linking air pollution to respiratory diseases. Additionally, it will discuss the current regulatory measures and potential solutions to mitigate the detrimental effects of air pollution on lung health in urban settings. Air pollution is a complex mixture of various particulate matter (PM) and gaseous substances released from natural sources, industrial activities, and transportation systems. The primary pollutants include nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), ozone (O₃), particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Acute respiratory failure is a life-threatening condition that can result from various diseases and injuries affecting the respiratory system. Traditional mechanical ventilation, while effective, can lead to complications and prolonged hospital stays. In recent years, Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) has emerged as an innovative and less invasive approach for managing acute respiratory failure. This article explores the advancements in noninvasive ventilation techniques, including the development of novel interfaces, intelligent algorithms, and the application of non-invasive strategies for specific patient populations. Additionally, the article discusses the evidence supporting the effectiveness of NIV and its potential to revolutionize the management of acute respiratory failure.