Journal of Surgical Pathology and Diagnosis

In clinical neurological practice, histopathological diagnosis is often required for establishing definitive diagnosis of various neuromuscular disorders and neurodegenerative disorders like neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. To obtain the tissue specimen required for putting histopathological stains, various minor surgical procedures are often carried out by the clinicians. These include nerve biopsy, muscle biopsy and skin biopsy. A clinician needs to be aware of the ideal procedure, proper clinical indications, perioperative and postoperative care of patients undergoing these minor surgical procedures. This review article provides a brief review of the above three procedures in a concise manner. Muscle biopsy is usually carried out in children with suspected muscular dystrophies and myopathies, and the most common site is vastus lateralis. Similarly nerve biopsy is carried out in children with suspected hereditary and acquired peripheral neuropathies from sural nerve. Skin biopsy is usually carried out from axilla, in children with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis to demonstrate auto florescent granules and fingerprint/curvilinear or rectilinear inclusions.

We enrolled 58 cardiomyopathic patients and 20 normal individuals admitted to Dar Al-Fouad hospital complaining of NYHA class III-IV, with evidence of pulmonary congestion. All patients underwent lung ultrasound. A comparison of the LUS results was done to 20 COPD patients with no history of cardiac disease. The mean age of control was 33.80; the mean age of patients was 54.03.The mean ejection fraction in the control group is 61.40, with the lowest ejection fraction 58%. The mean ejection fraction in the subject group 40.72, with the lowest ejection fraction 22% A statistical difference in lung ultrasound B lines total count (Sum) was found between the control and subjects. The mean number of B lines in the control group is 1.9, with the lowest and highest count 0 and 4 respectively. The mean number of B lines in the subject group is 54.95 with the lowest and highest count 13 and 130 respectively. The number of B-lines correlated well with E/e’ value with a positive correlation coefficient (r=0.837 p<0.0001) and a positive linear curve, which indicates its usefulness in diagnosing hemodynamic and pulmonary congestion. The number of B-lines correlated well with NT-proBNP >2000 pg/mL for congestion with a positive correlation coefficient (r=0.638, p<0.0001) and a positive linear curve, which indicates its usefulness in diagnosing pulmonary congestion. When compared to results of COPD patients, the difference was significant with ease of differentiation using lung ultrasound.

Surgery is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a person to investigate or treat a pathological condition such as a disease or injury, to help improve bodily function or appearance or to repair unwanted ruptured areas.

The act of performing surgery may be called a surgical procedure, operation, or simply "surgery". In this context, the verb "operate" means to perform surgery. The adjective surgical means pertaining to surgery; e.g. surgical instruments or surgical nurse[1]. The person or subject on which the surgery is performed can be a person or an animal. A surgeon is a person who practices surgery and a surgeon's assistant is a person who practices surgical assistance. A surgical team is made up of surgeon, surgeon's assistant, anaesthetist, circulating nurse and surgical technologist. Surgery usually spans minutes to hours, but it is typically not an ongoing or periodic type of treatment. The term "surgery" can also refer to the place where surgery is performed, or, in British English, simply the office of a physician,[2] dentist, or veterinarian.

Surgery is a invasive technique with the fundamental principle of physical intervention on organs/organ systems/tissues for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons.

As a general rule, a procedure is considered surgical when it involves cutting of a person's tissues or closure of a previously sustained wound. Other procedures that do not necessarily fall under this rubric, such as angioplasty or endoscopy, may be considered surgery if they involve "common" surgical procedure or settings, such as use of a sterile environment, anesthesia, antiseptic conditions, typical surgical instruments, and suturing or stapling. All forms of surgery are considered invasive procedures; so-called "noninvasive surgery" usually refers to an excision that does not penetrate the [3] structure being excised (e.g. laser ablation of the cornea) or to a radiosurgical procedure (e.g. irradiation of a tumor).

Surgical pathology is the study of tissues removed from living patients during surgery to help diagnose a disease and determine a treatment plan. Surgery is a invasive technique with the fundamental principle of physical intervention on organs/organ systems/tissues for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons. Journal of surgical pathology and diagnosis (JSPD), initiated with an objective to Distinguish between benign (noncancerous) and malignant (cancerous) white blood cells, Detect early genetic changes that may result in cancer , Identify infectious agents in body tissues . Articles on pathology based on dermatopathology, cytopathology, hematopathology, neuropathology and pediatric pathology, techniques used for studying the surgery process . Hilaris has been a pioneer in online open access publications to the international audiences in several areas of science where researchers all over the world publish their research discoveries and novel findings. As it is mentioned in the website, ‘Journal of surgical pathology and diagnosis’ focuses on areas such as cytopathology techniques, molecular diagnostics such as DNA/ RNA analysis for detection of infectious agents. The journal accepts original research and concepts by researchers from all over the world. We hope that the researchers will enjoy a perfect platform to demonstrate the importance of their research work by publishing in this journal. I take this opportunity to thank Hilaris group of publications for its mission in making the journey to take this on-line publication of the journal to a global audience. I believe that this journal will serve the scientific community better. I wish to encourage our scientific community to contribute their original research from to facilitate a continued success of the journal. I would also like to express my gratitude to all the authors, reviewers, the publisher, the advisory and the editorial board of JSPD, for their support in bringing out yet another volume of JSPD and look forward to their unrelenting support. We know how much time and effort goes into writing a good peer review, and we deeply value the input of reviewers who volunteer their time and expertise to provide essential feedback that ensures the high quality of research published in each issue of the journal. We appreciate our peer reviewers for taking the time and effort necessary to provide insightful guidance, and we try to show our appreciation to our reviewers. Finally, I would like to welcome you, our readers to this promising new journal of JSPD. Hope you will find amiable reading and challenging ideas from this journal. Happy and pleasant reading!

Hematuria is the presence of blood in urine and microhematuria is defined as three or more red blood cells in a urine sample under microscopic examination. Hematuria is a visible sign of blood in the urine and should be seen by a physician right away. Common causes include renal infections, bladder calculi, renal calculi, urinary tract infections, or bladder or renal cancers. Hematuria can be seen in people of all ages; however, risk of hematuria is increased in older people, especially men. Microhematuria, however, is something that usually cannot be seen by patients who experience it. It is diagnosed via urine testing. There are four categories of causes of Asymptomatic Microhematuria: Life-Threatening (such as Bladder Cancer), Significant requiring treatment (such as renal calculus or stone), Significant, Requiring Observation (Such as Polycystic Kidney, and Insignificant (Renal Cyst). The prevalence of microhematuria in the general population ranges from .19% to 16.1% and this wide range accounts for differences in age and sex of patients. Diagnosis of hematuria is done in multiple ways. The first test taken is the urinalysis, which will test the urine for blood and possible infections. Additionally, imaging is taken of the abdomen to see if there is a calculus, cyst, or any abnormal enlargements of the organs in the lower abdomen. Also, a cystoscopy may be performed to diagnose the microhematuria. A cystoscopy is an invasive procedure used to diagnose urinary problems where a cystoscope is inserted in the urethra in order to get an internal view of the bladder. The purpose of this is to visualize the bladder to diagnose any abnormalities. Lastly, a urine cytology can also be ordered to see if there is any infection causing the bleeding. Once all these tests have been ordered and there is still no seen cause for the bleeding, the microhematuria is classified as idiopathic. In this study, the relation between liver cirrhosis and microhematuria was investigated. In terms of patients with liver failure, microhematuria can be seen due to portal hypertension and bleeding diathesis. Liver failure is a state where the liver is damaged beyond repair and will most likely require a transplant. Some of the most common causes include Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, alcoholism, and Cirrhosis. Cirrhosis refers to a liver that is scarred. This greatly affects the functions of the liver. If liver tissue is scarred, the bile ducts will inflame and no longer be able to carry out their function. This will lead to jaundice, portal hypertension, and eventually liver failure. Liver failure is accompanied by symptoms such as varices, low platelet counts, and abnormalities in coagulation. These symptoms can lead to the presence of microhematuria. KeywordsHematuria, Liver Transplant, Liver Cirrhosis Research Methods The objective of this study is to determine the incidence of idiopathic microhematuria in the setting of liver failure and see if it is greater than that of the general population. A retrospective review was performed of clinical charts of patients who received liver transplants between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2003. Data includes recipient demographics, imaging findings, urinalysis results, urology consultations, and hematology parameters at four different visits: pre-transplantation, day of transplant, four month follow up, and most recent date of visit. Patients with high red blood cell counts (>3) are noted and further analyzed. A list of liver transplant patients at Mayo Clinic Florida was composed. Each of these patients’ charts was analyzed. First, the urinalysis and other diagnostics tests mentioned were reviewed to determine if the patient exhibited microhematuria. Then their demographics, including age, gender, and smoking history were determined. Also, MELD score was looked at. The MELD score provides a quantitative measure of the degree of liver failure. The higher the number the more severe the liver failure, and this is used to put patients on transplant lists in hospitals. Lastly, these points were analyzed at four different times in order to follow the red blood cell count as the patient went through the transplant to see if it was resolved post transplant.

Conferences Series LLC take great pleasure in inviting the scientific community across the globe to the EuroGlobal Summit on Probiotics during August 03-04, 2020 at Zurich, Switzerland. This meeting will explore advances in the Probiotics and Nutraceuticals. The conference will serve as a platform to bring together young scientist, leading scientists, researchers, organizations and all representatives of company sectors with different specialities such as Probiotics and Nutraceuticals. This event is an open forum specifically dedicated for young investigators (i.e. students, PhD candidates and early stage postdocs) working in all fields in the broader area of Probiotics and Nutraceuticals. This forum will not only discuss state-of-the-art science to broaden the scientific knowledge of the participants but allow the young researchers to benefit as well from several specifically designed interactive sessions to advance their own career/ research. In particular, the forum aims to foster the spirit of teamwork among the participants, providing the opportunity to network globally and to establish own professional networks. The conference will acknowledges those participants and organizations that have remarkably added to the value to scientific community by awarding Young Scientist Awards and Best Poster Awards. Awards provide an opportunity to the participants like outstanding researchers, exceptional graduates or early academicians and organizations to showcase their best research and projects to the world related to the conference theme. Young Researchers Forum- Young Scientist Awards The Award is given to individuals in recognition of excellent performance in terms of scientific publications or presentations during the early stage of their scientific career. It also recognizes who have collectively made unique and significant contributions to the scientific community related to the conference theme. It also provides platform to professional networking with researchers of similar interest from others part of the world and also encourage the participants in taking active part in the International Science platform to sharpen their skills and knowledgebase. The aim of these Award is to inspire, to identify the marvellous work and bring together the participants such as Master/ Ph.D./Post Doctorate and to in the area of Probiotics and Nutraceuticals. Guidelines for Young Researchers ForumYoung Scientist Awards Benefits Showcase your research through oral presentations. Learn about career development and the latest research tools and technologies in your field. The forum will provide an opportunity for collegial interaction with other young investigators and established senior investigators across the globe. Eligibility Young Scientist (e.g. Post-Graduate students, Postdoctoral fellows, Trainees, junior faculty) are the focus of this event. Each individual participant is allowed to submit only one or two paper, it must include at least one co-author (Guide, Professor) None of the authors should have senior position or faculty position. Participants should be below the age of 35 years. Best Poster Presentation – Best Poster Awards, Probiotic 2020 The Best Poster Award is meant to encourage students in taking active part in the International Science platform to sharpen their skills and knowledgebase. This Award is to highlight good quality posters presented at the Annual Meetings. The Award will be given to the best students, PhD candidates and early stage postdocs. It rewards a combination of excellent research, innovation, and presentation. As the goal of this poster award is to foster the clear communication of scientific content also to nonspecialists of the presented topic, the emphasis of the evaluation will be put on the attractiveness of the graphical representation and on the clarity of the text. Only posters which satisfy the communication criteria will be taken into consideration for the evaluation from a scientific point of view. Guidelines for Best Poster Presentation – Best Poster Awards Young Research Forum  Benefits This award will be provided to participants like student and recent graduates to present their original real-time work and share their views and aspects related to the theme of the conference. Award should motivate participants to strive to realize their full potential which could in turn be beneficial to the field as whole. Eligibility This competition is open to all students (Graduates, Post Graduates and Research Scholars). Abstracts have to be submitted through online or by email. Shortlisted abstracts for the competition will be intimated through email and those will be displayed on the website as well. If the registered author/poster presenter is unable to attend the conference he/she may send a substitute who can be a co-author (or) any member from the same institution. If the winner is a substitute, he/she will be awarded and not the registered author/contestant. Judging Criteria The judgment will be done by Board of Jury. You will be given about 8-10 minutes to present your poster including questions and answers. Judges may pose questions during the evaluation of the poster. The winners will be announced at the closing ceremony of the conference. The decision of the winner will be withdrawn if the winner/winners is/are not present at the time of announcement.