Journal of Surgical Pathology and Diagnosis

Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction (CIPO) is a rare gastrointestinal disorder which impairs gastrointestinal motility. It can affect adults as well as children. In this report a 3 year old child who presented with a history of mass at rectosigmoid junction is described, along with a 27 year old female who presented with intestinal obstruction. On gross examination, no tumor was identified in both cases. Microscopic examination revealed additional hypertrophic muscular layer; in first case in between inner circular and outer longitudinal layers and in second case external to normal muscularis externa.

Background: Heterotropic Pancreas (HP), also known as ectopic, accessory, or aberrant pancreas is by definition the presence of pancreatic tissue outside its normal anatomical location with no direct blood supply connection with the main pancreas. In the literature, there is increase in the incidence of pathological findings during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Here we present a case of HP incidentally found in the gastric antrum during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Case presentation: 52-year-old female patient with BMI 46.49 kg/m2 presented to undergo laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. After the dissection of the greater curvature of the stomach from the omentum, a lesion at the greater curvature of the stomach on the antral-body junction was identified. Intra-operative gastroscopy was done that showed a benign looking polyploid lesion of the gastric wall with a probable overlying submucosal lesion. No intraluminal mass was identified so a decision to proceed with the surgery was taken and the transected stomach containing the suspected lesion was sent to pathology. The final pathology showed a type 1 2.2 cm heterotropic pancreas involving the submucosa and deep into the muscle.

Discussion and conclusion: HP is usually an asymptomatic pathology found incidentally; however, depending on its size, pathological changes, and anatomical location it can become clinically evident. Even though it is difficult to diagnose HP preoperatively, few radiological characteristics have beed identified that can help in the diagnosis. However, the definitive diagnosis of HP is made histologically. In the case of an incidental HP found during surgery, local excision is the preferred treatment since HP is at risk of becoming symptomatic or malignant when radical surgery is considered. In our case, the location and benign appearance of the lesion, in addition to the result on the gastroscopy allowed us to proceed with our intended surgery.

Colorectal Cancer, otherwise called entrail malignant growth, colon disease, or rectal malignancy, is the improvement of disease from the colon or rectum. Signs and side effects may remember blood for the stool, an adjustment of defecations, weight reduction, and weakness.

Endometriosis is a full body condition in which cells like those in the endometrium, the layer of tissue that typically covers within the uterus, develop outside the uterus. Most frequently this is on the ovaries, fallopian cylinders, and tissue around the uterus and ovaries; notwithstanding, in uncommon cases it might likewise happen in different pieces of the body. Some indications incorporate pelvic torment, substantial periods, torment with solid discharges, and infertility. Nearly 50% of those influenced have constant pelvic agony, while in 70% torment happens during menstruation.

Cellular senescence and calcium signalling are interrelated phenomena of cellular events. As, cellular senescence is associated with stress, alongside it, intracellular calcium signalling has a concern with cellular senescence. Henceforth, both events participate in wound regeneration and governed few of its phases (re-epithelialization, tissue remodelling, inflammation and granulation). Despite it, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake influences the phenomena of fibroblast and myofibroblast differentiation. Quantitative imaging and computational modelling expose hidden features of calcium signalling route. A proper investigation of the role of calcium in specific senescence-associated routes and physiopathological conditions will expose forefront of calcium signalling and its association with cellular senescence.