Journal of Steel Structures & Construction

Iron and steel demand is a leading indicator of national growth and has a major impact on the global economy. Iron and steel manufacturing, which has become the second largest energy user in industry, uses high-temperature furnaces. From 2000 to 2011, the sector's energy consumption increased by 6.2 percent annually, owing to rises in crude steel demand (IEA, 2014). Furthermore, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from iron and steel plants account for the largest proportion of CO2 emissions in the industrial sector, at about 27%.

Nepal, which is located in one of the world's most seismically active continental collision orogenic belts, has experienced a series of devastating earthquakes in the past . The Gorkha earthquake (Mw 7.8) in April 2015 was the most recent of these Himalayan thrust events, killing about 9,000 people in Nepal and nearby regions and injuring another 22,000 people. Following the long-term socioeconomic consequences of large earthquakes in the area, it is critical to establish a reliable and transparent system for quantifying the "real" degree of earthquake threat in major cities for the protection and preparedness of millions of people. We solve this issue by using a natural time analysis for earthquake nowcasting in 24 of Nepal's major cities.

While environmentally sustainable interior design (ESID) has become a major issue in interior design practise, the frequency with which interior designers make sustainable choices in real practise is still limited, according to the literature, especially when it comes to material selection. The goal of this study was to gain a thorough understanding of what constitutes a sustainable material choice, as well as to investigate the current supply and demand for green, sustainable, and Fair Trade (GSFT) products in the interior design field. In the first instance a desk study of currently available GSFT materials was undertaken.

Aerospace engineering is a subset of mechanical engineering that emerged relatively recently in human history when humans began to fly, first in the atmosphere and then into space. It is the science that underpins the design and construction of aircraft and spacecraft (aeronautical engineering) (astronautical engineering). Gliders, missiles, jet fighters, and space rockets are all designed, built, and tested by these engineers. Some work in naval design as well, since some of the rules that govern the flow of air (a fluid) around an aircraft easily translate to the flow of water (also a fluid) around a ship or submarine.

Several profound and dramatic transformations in the growth of the global aerospace industry have recently been observed: (A) the More Electric Aircraft (MEA) of All Electric Aircraft (AEA) design principle has been applied to a number of new-generation atmospheric vehicles1 such as the F-22, F-35, Airbus A380, and Boeing 787; (B) operated by the Integrated Vehicle Energy Technology project. With the development of reusable and hypersonic technology, the idea of Energy-Optimized Aircraft (EOA) has been proposed; (C) marked by the efficient operation of the X-37B, the boundaries between space and aviation vehicles have become blurry, accelerating the historic integration of the trans-atmospheric vehicles.