Journal of Steel Structures & Construction

Steel making is the process of producing steel from iron and other materials, such as scrap metal and alloys, through a series of chemical and physical processes. Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, with the carbon content typically ranging from 0.2% to 2.1% along with other elements like manganese, chromium, nickel, and vanadium that give it specific properties like strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance.

Steel is one of the most widely recycled materials in the world, with an estimated recycling rate of around 90% in developed countries. Recycling steel has a number of important benefits, both environmental and economic. Recycling of steel is the process of reusing steel products and scrap metal to create new steel products. Steel is one of the most recycled materials in the world, with a recycling rate of around 90% in many countries. This high recycling rate is due to the fact that steel is a valuable material that can be easily recycled without losing its properties or quality.

Iron making is the process of producing iron from iron ore through a series of chemical and physical processes. Iron is one of the most commonly used metals in the world, and is used to produce steel, which is used in a wide range of applications including construction, transportation, and manufacturing.

Steel structures are widely used in construction due to their high strength, durability, and versatility. They are typically made from a combination of steel beams, columns, trusses, and plates that are welded or bolted together to form a structural frame. Steel structures are commonly used in high-rise buildings, bridges, stadiums, airports, and other large-scale projects. One of the main advantages of steel structures is their strengthto- weight ratio, which allows for the creation of large, open spaces without the need for supporting columns or walls. This makes them ideal for large buildings or structures with long spans. Another advantage of steel structures is their durability. Steel is resistant to fire, corrosion, and pests, making it a low-maintenance option for long-term use. It also has a high resistance to seismic forces, making it a good choice for areas with high earthquake risk.

An Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) is a type of furnace used for the production of steel by melting scrap steel and other iron-bearing materials using an electric arc. This method uses an electric arc to melt recycled steel and other materials to create new steel. EAF used for melting metals such as steel, iron, and other non-ferrous metals. The EAF works by creating an electric arc between the electrodes and the metal being melted. The arc heats the metal and causes it to melt, allowing it to be poured into molds or further processed.