Journal of Textile Science & Engineering

Water and oil repellent finishing is done on cotton fabric by pad-dry baking process. The influences of baking temperature, baking time, pH value and concentration of finishing liquid on water and oil contact angle of fabric are analyzed. The result shows that the optimized water/oil repellent finishing process of cotton fabrics is as follows: The concentration of finishing agent is 30 g/L, pH value is 6.67, pick up rate is 80%, and the baking time is 8 minutes under 140. After finishing, the oil and water contact angle of the cotton fabrics can reach up to 143.33 degrees and 134 degrees respectively and at this time the finishing effect is the best. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) reveals that after water and oil repellent finishing, the surface of the cotton fiber becomes smooth, the finishing agent has good film-forming ability and it has better water and oil repellent performance.

From ancient times India is known as the land of opportunities and the abundant amount of natural resources one of the major reason behind this opportunities. The agriculture and handloom industry remain mean as dominant employment sectors from long time and even in the age of industrialization they retain their positions has major employment providing sectors successfully, the excessive attraction towards the industrialisation and technology are considered as major threats to the handloom industry. The handloom industry have the potential providing the employment to over 13 million weavers and this factor makes it as largest cottage industry in the country, simultaneously the employment provided by it is second largest economic activity next to agriculture. The importance given to power loom industry is creating handsome of problems in the handloom industry and it's survival in this modern era is a major question because of large number of issues it is facing such as hike in the yarn prices, lack of proper infrastructure, treating as secondary source next to power loom and many others. In India, the Guntur district, which is once known as hub of Handloom industry, is now facing the problem of lack of raw materials, marketing problem and many others, a lot of research have been carried out over the years to find out an appropriate solution to protect the handloom industry and give hope to the weavers for its survival. This article highlights the importance of handloom industry in terms of employment as well as the root-cause analysis for finding the major issues related to it which helps to regain its lost glory.

The effect of fabric compaction and yarn waviness on 3D woven structures is a topic of significant importance in textile engineering and advanced composite materials. In the context of 3D weaving, fabric compaction refers to the degree to which the layers of woven fabric are compressed or compacted during the manufacturing process. Yarn waviness, on the other hand, pertains to the inherent curvature or bending of yarns within the woven structure, which can occur due to various factors, including the weaving process itself. Fabric compaction plays a crucial role in determining the mechanical properties of 3D woven materials. When the fabric layers are tightly compacted, it can lead to increased material density and improved interlayer bonding. This, in turn, enhances the structural integrity and stiffness of the final 3D woven composite. However, excessive compaction can also result in reduced permeability, making it challenging for resin to impregnate the fabric during the composite manufacturing process.