Journal of Textile Science & Engineering

Jute as very unique natural bast and its industrial manufacturing started in India from around 1855. Till then jute processing machinery and the processing system progressed very slowly. Presently jute fibre/yarn used in several diversified products other than food grain packaging bag. To improve the quality of jute yarn a study has been carried out in a jute mill where the quality of jute yarn produced by usual finisher card (fitted with roll former) is compared with quality of yarn produced by the draw head fitted finisher card system. As two types of draw head systems are available presently, total three process are compared based on yarn quality produced by them.

It is found that draw head plays an important role on jute yarn quality in comparison to simple finisher card with roll former system. Specially the yarn produced by L make draw head system shows uniform controlled average sliver weight, lower sliver and yarn CV% better evenness and higher minimum yarn strength in yarn.

Traditional drawing frames are used for regular jute yarn, now-a-days by using draw heads in jute mills will improve the quality of the output sliver. This sliver is producing regular and fine jute yarn with higher tensile strength, work of rupture, breaking elongation and quality ratio and count variation percentage. The produced modified yarn was also more regular and uniform comparing to the traditional drawing frame.

The compressibility of carbon woven fabrics is a critical attribute that plays a pivotal role in their applications across a wide spectrum of industries, from aerospace engineering to advanced composites in automotive and sporting goods. This unique property stems from the intricate arrangement of carbon fibers within the fabric structure, giving rise to a material that can withstand significant compressive forces while maintaining its structural integrity. Carbon woven fabrics are primarily composed of carbon fibers, which are inherently strong and possess high stiffness properties. These fibers are skillfully woven into a fabric using various techniques, such as plain weave or twill weave, to create a three-dimensional network. This intricate arrangement not only imparts exceptional tensile strength to the fabric but also endows it with remarkable compressibility characteristics. One of the most significant advantages of carbon woven fabrics is their ability to undergo substantial compression without buckling or collapsing. This property is especially advantageous in applications where materials need to endure compression forces, such as in the design and manufacturing of advanced composites for aircraft components, automotive parts, or even in the construction of high-performance sporting equipment like tennis rackets and bicycles.

Reusing polyester/cotton blend fabrics for composites offers an innovative and sustainable approach to materials engineering and recycling. These blended fabrics, typically composed of a combination of polyester and cotton fibers, are abundant in various textiles, from clothing to household linens. By repurposing these materials for composite applications, we can not only divert textile waste from landfills but also harness the unique properties of both polyester and cotton to create composite materials with a balance of strength and flexibility. Polyester contributes high tensile strength and resistance to moisture and chemicals, making it a valuable component in composite fabrication. Cotton, on the other hand, brings natural breathability and comfort to the blend. When these fabrics are recycled and processed into composite materials, the resulting composites inherit a combination of these attributes. They can be tailored to exhibit specific properties, depending on the intended application, such as lightweight yet robust components in automotive or construction, or even eco-friendly panels in interior design.

New natural cellulose fabrics represent a remarkable convergence of sustainability and performance in the textile industry. These fabrics, derived primarily from plant-based sources like wood pulp or bamboo, exhibit a unique structure and a range of exceptional properties. At their core, these fabrics consist of cellulose fibers, which boast a highly ordered crystalline structure interspersed with amorphous regions. This intricate nanostructure imparts remarkable qualities to these textiles. They are renowned for their biodegradability, making them a sustainable choice in an era of increasing environmental consciousness. Furthermore, natural cellulose fabrics excel in moisture absorption, ensuring wearers stay comfortable by wicking away perspiration and allowing breathability, making them particularly suitable for warm and humid climates. Additionally, they are often hypoallergenic, offering gentleness to sensitive skin, and in some cases, exhibit inherent antibacterial properties. As sustainable fashion and eco-friendly materials gain prominence, these new natural cellulose fabrics stand at the forefront, showcasing the potential of natureinspired textiles that balance structure and properties to meet the demands of both consumers and the planet.

This research is expected to address mainly for the existing problem of the spinning process in yarn strength, yarn evenness and yarn total imperfections. This was done by identifying the ring frame machine components that affect quality and proposing an engineered process an optimum value of ring machine components of the spinning department in Almeda textile factory. In this research, samples were prepared at the existing production lines at different values of process factors and ensuing interactions based on 2 level factorial experimental designs. Design expert, fitting software for DOE based experiments, was employed to analyze the results. The factors studied are the fiber parameters used for production (fiber length, fineness, trash content, honeydew) and the impact of traveller weight, ring top roller shore hardness and spacer size, on yarn total imperfections, U% and yarn strength are the intended responses to be evaluated. The top roller hardness, spacer size and traveler weight have an impact on the ring spun yarn. Finally the optimum machine components value of the process factors are chosen by the software to have top roller shore hardness (65), traveler weight (35) and spacer size of (3 mm) for 65/35 P/C 36 Ne yarn were selected. These setups of machine components produce a yarn having yarn unevenness (12.9%), yarn total imperfections (326) and yarn strength (19.7 cN/Tex).

Alginate, a natural polysaccharide derived from seaweed, plays a pivotal role in the antibacterial finishing of textiles, marking a significant advancement in the realm of functional textile treatments. This biopolymer possesses unique properties that make it an ideal candidate for incorporating antibacterial functionalities into textiles. One of the primary functions of alginate in antibacterial finishing is its ability to serve as a carrier for antimicrobial agents. Alginate can form stable complexes with a variety of antibacterial compounds, including metal nanoparticles and organic antimicrobial agents. This encapsulation not only protects the active agents from premature release but also facilitates their controlled and sustained release onto the textile surface. This controlled release mechanism ensures prolonged antibacterial efficacy, enhancing the durability of the treated textiles. The interaction between alginate and the textile substrate is another crucial aspect of its role in antibacterial finishing. Alginate has excellent film-forming properties, allowing it to adhere to diverse textile surfaces effectively. This film formation creates a protective layer on the textile, preventing the leaching of antimicrobial agents and ensuring their retention on the fabric. Moreover, alginate-based finishes exhibit good compatibility with various textile materials, making it a versatile choice for imparting antibacterial properties to textiles without compromising their inherent characteristics.

The increasing circulation of textiles represents a transformative shift in the textile industry, driven by a growing recognition of the environmental impact of fast fashion and the need for more sustainable consumption patterns. As the industry adopts a circular economy approach, where textiles are designed, produced, used, and recycled in a closed loop, several consequences and requirements emerge. One consequence of increasing textile circulation is the potential reduction of environmental strain associated with textile production. By extending the lifespan of textiles through reuse, repair, and recycling, the demand for new raw materials and energy-intensive manufacturing processes may decrease. This, in turn, could mitigate environmental degradation, reduce water consumption, and lower carbon emissions associated with traditional linear textile production. However, realizing the full potential of increased textile circulation comes with certain requirements. First and foremost is the need for a shift in consumer behavior. Embracing a circular fashion model requires consumers to move away from the traditional "buy-wear-dispose" mindset and adopt a more mindful and sustainable approach to clothing. Education and awareness campaigns can play a crucial role in informing consumers about the environmental impact of textiles and encouraging responsible purchasing habits.

As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, I don't have specific, up-to-date information on the energy-related Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions of the textile industry in China. However, I can provide some general information based on trends up to that point. The textile industry is known to be a significant contributor to environmental issues, including GHG emissions. Several factors contribute to the environmental impact of the textile industry, including energy consumption, water usage, and chemical inputs. The production processes involved in spinning, weaving, dyeing, and finishing textiles are energy-intensive and can result in substantial emissions. China has been a major player in the global textile industry, and its textile sector has faced scrutiny for its environmental impact. In recent years, there has been an increased focus on sustainable practices and a growing awareness of the need to reduce the environmental footprint of industrial activities, including textiles. Efforts to mitigate GHG emissions in the textile industry often involve improving energy efficiency, adopting cleaner energy sources, and implementing sustainable production practices. Some companies in China and globally have been working towards these goals through initiatives such as using renewable energy, optimizing production processes, and incorporating recycled materials.

The development of a stabbing machine for forensic textile damage analysis represents a significant stride in the field of forensic science, particularly in the examination of textiles related to criminal investigations. This specialized machine is designed to simulate and analyze damage patterns caused by stabbing incidents, offering forensic experts a powerful tool to decipher critical information from textile materials involved in crimes. Forensic textile damage analysis is a crucial aspect of crime scene investigation, especially in cases involving sharp-edged weapons. Traditional methods often involve manual assessment of stab damage, which can be subjective and time-consuming. The introduction of a dedicated stabbing machine addresses these limitations by providing a standardized and controlled environment for conducting experiments that replicate stabbing scenarios.