Journal of Textile Science & Engineering

The aim of this work is to establish spinning equipment and conduct a metrological comparative analysis with traditional spindle methods and openend industrial spinning. To achieve this, five selected artisans were tasked with producing yarn using both sets of equipment, using conventional cotton fibers in roving form, followed by a comparative study with conventionally industrially produced yarn, using open-end industrial spinning.. Physical parameters such as twist, count, elongation, tensile strength, and tenacity were analyzed using USTER AUTOSORTER 5, USTER EVENNESS TESTER 6, and AUTODYN II MESDAN instruments. We have obtained the following results for the designed equipments: twist 424 tr/min, count 15.24 tex, elongation 7.81%, tensile strength 3.77 N, and tenacity 25.92 cN/tex, compared to 437 tr/min, 14.33 tex, 8.38%, 3.13 N, and 22.02 cN/tex for artisanal equipment. Morphological analysis revealed irregularity rate, size, fineness, imperfection count, and hairiness of 15.95%, 36.66, 19.33, 23, and 1262%, respectively, for the designed equipment, as opposed to 17.13%, 81.33, 29.4, 54.2, and 1919% for artisanal equipment. Based on these results compared to yarn produced industrially, we can conclude that this equipment allows for the production of industrially acceptable quality yarn, with a daily production capacity 13 times higher than that of traditional equipment.

Functional finishing of textile materials refers to the application of various chemical treatments or processes that enhance the performance and functionality of the fabric. This process involves treating the fabric with substances such as coatings, resins, or additives to impart specific properties like waterproofing, flame resistance, antimicrobial properties, or UV protection. While functional finishing plays a vital role in improving the technical aspects of textile materials, its impact on psychological aspects should not be overlooked. The feel and appearance of textiles can significantly influence an individual's emotional state and overall well-being. Psychologically, functional finishing can contribute to enhancing comfort levels, promoting confidence, and providing a sense of security. For instance, the application of moisture-wicking finishes in sportswear helps to keep the body dry, allowing athletes to perform better and boosting their confidence. Similarly, the addition of softeners and anti-static finishes in clothing can create a pleasant tactile experience, evoking feelings of comfort and relaxation.

The application of stimuli-sensitive materials in smart textiles has revolutionized the field of wearable technology, offering exciting possibilities for functionality and interactivity. Stimuli-sensitive materials, also known as smart or responsive materials, are designed to respond to various external stimuli, such as heat, light, moisture, pressure, or electrical signals, by changing their physical or chemical properties. One of the key applications of stimuli-sensitive materials in smart textiles is in the area of temperature regulation. Thermo chromic materials, for example, change color in response to temperature fluctuations, allowing the fabric to visually indicate changes in body temperature or environmental conditions. This can be particularly useful in sportswear, where athletes can monitor their exertion levels or in medical garments, where changes in body temperature can be an important indicator of health.

The antibacterial aspects of nanomaterials in textiles have gained significant attention due to their potential in combating microbial growth and improving hygiene. Nanomaterials, characterized by their unique properties at the nanoscale, have shown promising antimicrobial effects against a wide range of bacteria, including pathogenic strains. The origin of the antibacterial properties in nanomaterials lies in their high surface to volume ratio, which facilitates increased contact with bacteria and enhances their antimicrobial activity. Nanoparticles such as silver, zinc oxide, copper, titanium dioxide, and graphene oxide have been extensively studied for their antibacterial properties. These nanoparticles possess inherent biocidal properties or can be functionalized with antibacterial agents to further enhance their effectiveness. In textile applications, nanomaterials with antibacterial properties can be incorporated into fibers, fabrics, or coatings. One approach involves directly incorporating nanoparticles during the manufacturing process of fibers or yarns, ensuring a uniform distribution throughout the textile material. Another approach is to apply nanoparticle-based coatings onto the textile surface, forming a protective layer that inhibits bacterial adhesion and growth.

The energetic performance assessment of a stenter system in a textile finishing mill plays a crucial role in evaluating its energy efficiency and overall sustainability. A stenter system is a vital component in the finishing process of textiles, where fabrics are stretched and dried to achieve desired characteristics. By conducting an energetic performance assessment, engineers and researchers can gain valuable insights into the system's energy consumption, losses, and potential improvements. Energy, also known as available energy, is a thermodynamic concept that quantifies the quality of energy within a system. Unlike traditional energy assessments that focus solely on energy consumption, energetic analysis considers both the quantity and quality of energy flows. This analysis provides a more comprehensive understanding of the system's performance, allowing for targeted improvements and resource optimization.

This article is based on the theoretical justification for the development of energy saving projects and the main operating parameters for the implementation of the process of preparing high-density cotton seeds for storage. One of the issues of the program of economic development of the Republic of Uzbekistan is to increase the productivity of high-quality fiber and its implementation on the world market. The production of high-quality raw cotton fiber depends on the fact that the production process is organized on the basis of technical requirements. In particular, in the process of drying cotton in processing plants, it is important to reduce its moisture content and storage.

Squarylium dyes are organic dyes of intense flouresence properties typically in the red to near- infrared region obtained from squaric acid. Squarylium dyes were synthesized from aminothiophene which are low molecular weight compound with good electron donating properties. The molecular weight of the dyes ranges from 276- 434 g/mol with melting point of spanning from 314–336 0C. The FT-IR of band of the squarylium dyes showed sharp absorption bands of 3224.1-3649.1 cm-1 corresponding to the N-H stretch functional group present in the molecule, the C=O group was seen between 1640.0-1796.6 cm-1 and the N=C=S (isothiocyanate) functional group ranged from 2105.9-2206.6 cm -1. The electrical conductivity measurements were obtained by employing a standard process using a programmable LCR meter at a frequency range of 200-100000Hz and the result calculated using the formular σ =L/RA.The electrical conductivity of synthesized dyes were observed to be within the range of 10-5-10-8 S m-1 The electrical conductivity of the dyes and aminothiophene substituted squarylium dyes lies within the range of electrical conductivity for semiconductor which is between 10-12-102 S m-1.