Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering

Biochemical analysis of human brain tissue is typically done by homogenizing whole pieces of brain and separately characterizing the proteins, RNA, DNA, and other macromolecules within. While this has been sufficient to identify substantial changes, there is little ability to identify small changes or alterations that may occur in subsets of cells. To effectively investigate the biochemistry of disease in the brain, with its different cell types, we must first separate the cells and study them as phenotypically defined populations or even as individuals. In this project, we developed a new method for the generation of Whole Cell Dissociated Suspensions (WCDS) in fresh human brain tissue that could be shared as a resource with scientists to study single human cells or populations. Characterization of WCDS was done in paraffin-embedded sections stained with H&E, and by phenotyping with antibodies using immunohistochemistry and Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS). Additionally, we compared extracted RNA from WCDS with RNA from adjacent intact cortical tissue, using RT-qPCR for cell-type-specific RNA for the same markers as well as whole transcriptome sequencing. More than 11,626 gene transcripts were successfully sequenced and classified using an external database either as being mainly expressed in neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, endothelial cells, or mixed (in two or more cell types). This demonstrates that we are currently capable of producing WCDS with a full representation of different brain cell types combined with RNA quality suitable for use in biochemical analysis.

Introduction: COVID-19 is the defining global crisis of our time. Secondary complications such as urinary tract infections and sepsis worsen the already established health and social problems.

Methods: We characterized the features and outcomes of COVID-19 patients suffering from secondary sepsis and urinary tract infection. An observational and analytical study was conducted within the SENTAD-COVID Study clinical trial framework at the Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center. COVID-19 patients in group A received a jet-nebulization therapy with autologous stem cells cocktail as an add-on to the standard care. In contrast, group B as controls only received the COVID-19 standard treatment. We analyzed the culture samples, antimicrobial agents, and the therapy's efficacy on patient outcomes.

Results: A significant difference between the groups was found in the urinary infection incidence (p=0.020). Patients in group A showed a lower tendency to sepsis than group B (7% vs. 21%), hazard ratio=0.35 (95% confidence interval: 0.13-0.91), p=0.0175. The number needed to treat=7.3 was calculated and Candida albicans was the most frequent agent causing sepsis and urinary infections. The massive use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials was striking.

Conclusion: We found a protective factor of stem cells against secondary infection in COVID-19 cases in terms of sepsis and urinary infections. The suggested immunomodulatory effect of stem cells offers a therapeutic strategy to manage the disease and avoid several complications. However, antimicrobial agents can lead to increased opportunistic infections, so a rational use of these treatments must be considered.

Background: Rotator cuff tears can be associated with significant shoulder dysfunction and pain. Despite improved surgical techniques and new methods for the rotator cuff reconstruction, there are still problems connected to the coverage of the humeral head caused by the tendon insufficiency due to degeneration or retraction and late/or inadequate tendon-to-bone healing. For that reason, innovative approaches for enhanced tendon healing are required. The potential of the biological treatment enchasing tendon healing has not been sufficiently explored so far. Biological augmentation may be an option to improve the healing process. One of the possibilities for augmentation is the subacromial bursa, easily accessible tissue during rotator cuff repair, highly proliferative rich in mesenchymal stem cells that are capable of differentiating into various cell lines. In this article, we describe the harvesting technique and application of the subacromial bursal stem cells mixed with platelet-rich plasma during the arthroscopic rotator cuff reconstruction, aiming at postoperative pain alleviation, the improvement of the tendon-to-bone and tendon-to-tendon healing. The goal is enhance healing, to reduce recovery process and to increase patient’s satisfaction with the outcome of the rotator cuff reconstruction.

Case: Authors present augmentation technique of the rotator cuff reconstruct using the nearby subacromial bursa tissue rich in stem cells and mixed whit platelet-rich plasma during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. It is an advanced surgical technique in which we combine the best of proven surgical techniques for the rotator cuff reconstruction with the best of the regenerative medicine-mesenchymal stem cells from the subacromial bursa and platelet reach plasma. The surgical technique is easy to apprehend, it does not extend time of the surgery and, according to our preliminary data, decreases time of recovery.

Results: The use of subacromial bursal stem cells mixed whit platelet-rich plasma in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair seems to be effective in reducing recovery time in the short term follow up

Conclusion: The presented augmenting technique can be used in every procedure, especially in the elderly patients where issues of tendon to tendon and tendon to bone healing may be expected. Further investigation is necessary