Veterinary Science & Technology

Background: In a survey of US dog owners who had experience with giving fluralaner oral chews to their dog,
overall satisfaction with fluralaner and preference for fluralaner compared to monthly flea and tick medications were
high. These owners also believed that the required annual duration of flea and tick coverage is shorter than the
duration recommended by their veterinarian. This paper compares these US results with results of two nearly
identical studies involving veterinarians and dog owners in the UK and Australia.
Results: Veterinarians in 3 countries provided their flea and tick treatment duration recommendation for dogs. In
addition, dog owners visiting the veterinarians’ practices completed a multiple-choice survey on their flea and tick
treatment experience. All dog owners had current experience with fluralaner purchased for their dog. A very high
proportion (97% US, 97% UK, 100% AU) of veterinarians recommend 12 months of protection against fleas while in
the UK and AU a lower proportion of veterinarians recommend 12 months of protection against ticks (96% US, 49%
UK, 75% AU). All participating owners treated their dogs currently with fluralaner and most (73% US, 68% UK, 77%
AU) had previously treated their dog with monthly flea and tick products. The convenience of 12-week dosing (67%
US, 67% UK, 69% AU) and “dosing less often” (67% US, 48% UK, 51% AU) were their most important reasons in
choosing an extended effect treatment. Dog owners indicated high satisfaction (satisfied or highly satisfied) with the
extended duration flea and tick product (93-96%). Preference for a 12-week over monthly retreatment was very high
and ranged from 82%-92% in all three countries.
Conclusion: Dog owners in the three countries expressed a high satisfaction and preference for extended 12-
week flea and tick protection over monthly flea/tick products. Owners recognize the convenience of 12-week
treatment intervals for improving compliance. Dog owners in three different countries have similar opinions regarding
flea and tick treatment duration requirements

A cross sectional study was carried out from November, 2017 to April, 2018 to estimate the prevalence of urogenital tracts/organs lesions and abnormalities in female goats slaughter at Dire Dawa Municipal Abattoir, Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia. Morpho-pathological lesions and abnormalities of reproductive and urinary tracts of a total 384 female goat were examined by incision and macroscopic examination via visual inspection and palpation. The study showed that there was an overall occurrence 17.4% of reproductive and urinary organ/tract abnormalities. Out this total of prevalence of 9.9% genital organ abnormalities were identified, among which ovarian hypoplasia was the reproductive abnormality with the highest occurrence (34.2%). And a total of 7.6% of occurrence of urinary lesion and abnormalities were examined. Renal calculi were the urinary organ abnormality with the highest occurrence (41.4%). The present study revealed that 9.1% were found pregnant out of 384 female goats slaughtered at Dire Dawa abattoir due to lack of accurate ante-mortem inspection. The difference in the prevalence of urogenital tracts/ organs lesions and abnormalities with regard to age of animals was statistically significant (p<0.05), but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05) with regard to the body condition of goat. It can be concluded that morpho-pathological lesions are prevalent in goats that are brought to the abattoirs in the study area, which requires serious attention.

Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC) includes various conditions of unclear etiology but in general any cause of reduced fetal movement may result in congenital contractures. Neurologic abnormalities appear as the most common causes of AMC (approximately 70% to 80% of all cases). This paper describes a case of clinical congenital toxoplasmosis in a newborn calf and suggests that the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii may also be responsible for AMC. In fact, a central nervous system involvement appears to be present in most cases of AMC and in this case the presence of Toxoplasma gondii in calf's brain was demonstrated through molecular biology examination and immunohistochemistry analysis.

Cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2014 to April 2015 to determine the sero-prevalence of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in non-vaccinated village chickens of Jigjiga and Harrar Districts, Eastern Ethiopia. Serum sample was collected from 431 village chickens raised in a traditional management system in the study area. In the present study Indirect enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assays was employed to determine the seroprevalence of IBD. In the current study an overall seroprevalence of 51.7% (223/431) with an optical density (OD) reading between 0.29-0.780 nm was recorded. The study also revealed that seropositivity to IBD virus was significantly influenced by location (χ²=23.791, P<0.05). But no significant difference was observed between age groups (χ²=13.959, P=0.999), sex (χ²=17.793, P=0.153) and breed (χ²=15.004, P=0.553) on the prevalence of IBD. This study concluded that IBD is widely distributed in the current study area, thus detailed surveillance should be carried out in order to put in place appropriate control and prevention strategies.