Virology: Current Research

Monkeypox is zoonotic disease caused by the Monkeypox (MPOV) virus infect primate, rodents, and human. This enveloped virus is a large ovalshaped with double-stranded DNA, belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus of the family Poxviridae. Monkeypox disease was first detected in 1970s in Central and West Africa. The infection usually spread from person-to-person contact or from the anhelation of infected person's lesions. These lesions found on the skin, eyes, mouth, throat, genitalia, and rectum. Monkeypox disease symptoms developed after the infection within five to twenty days incubation period and include rashes on faces that spread later across the body. Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay is the only reliable method to identify monkeypox virus infection. There are no special treatments for MPOX virus infection, but due to genetic similarity between Monkeypox (MPOX) virus, Smallpox (SPX) virus, and Vaccinia (VAC) virus, antiviral drugs for Smallpox (SPX) virus, and vaccinia (VAC) virus infections are used for the treatment from MPOX virus infection. In addition, the, developed vaccines for the protection from Smallpox (SPX) virus, and vaccinia (VAC) virus infection are used for the protection from Monkeypox (MOPX) virus infection. The global outbreak outside Africa occurred in the year 2022, and World Health Organization (WHO) declared endemic outbreaks of MPOX disease outside Africa after over 91,000 confirmed MPOX cases occurred in about 116 non-African countries with small number of deaths.

Betacoronaviruses (Beta-CoVs) represent a diverse group of RNA viruses that have garnered significant attention due to their potential to cause severe respiratory illnesses in humans and animals. This article provides an in-depth exploration of Betacoronaviruses, including their classification, molecular biology, transmission dynamics, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management strategies. Understanding the intricate interplay between Betacoronaviruses and their hosts is crucial for effective surveillance, prevention, and control of emerging infectious diseases.

Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) is a significant pathogen affecting salmonid fish species worldwide, causing devastating losses in aquaculture. This manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of IHNV, covering its virology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and control measures. Understanding the biology and impact of IHNV is crucial for the sustainable management of salmonid populations and the aquaculture industry.

Acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children poses a diagnostic challenge, requiring a comprehensive approach to identify etiology and guide management. This manuscript provides a thorough examination of acute hepatitis in children, focusing on cases where the underlying cause remains elusive. We discuss the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, differential diagnosis, and management strategies for this enigmatic condition. Understanding the complexities of acute hepatitis of unknown origin is crucial for optimizing patient care and improving outcomes.

Polymorphism, the genetic phenomenon where a single gene manifests in multiple forms, has long been a subject of scientific intrigue. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding how genetic variations contribute to symptomatic susceptibility is crucial for devising effective public health strategies. This article delves into the concept of polymorphism and its implications in determining the severity of COVID-19 symptoms. By examining recent research findings and genetic studies, we unravel the intricate relationship between polymorphism and susceptibility to symptomatic COVID-19.