Jang Wangh
A strategy may be a conscious arrangement of standards to direct choices and accomplishes reasonable results. an appointment is an assertion of expectation, and is executed as a way or convention. Strategies are by and enormous embraced by an administration body inside an association. Arrangements can aid both abstract and target dynamic. Arrangements utilized in abstract dynamic generally help senior administration with choices that ought to be founded on the general benefits of varied elements, and subsequently are regularly difficult to check unbiased, for instance equilibrium between fun and high stuff strategy. Interestingly, approaches to assist target dynamic are normally operational in nature and may be impartially tried, for instance secret key arrangement
R. Dean Stalnaker
Since the 1930s the field of social psychology has built a distinctive reputation for its work in understanding human rights and advancement of the cause. The focus of the field is interested in the processes of the way we think and behave in relation to other individuals, in group relationships, one-on-one, and how we think, developing a point of views, and how attitudes impact the way we interrelate with each other. Social psychologists in the 1930s also focused on issues associated with prejudice and discrimination in various locations in Europe and the United States. These factors contributed to many issues associated with human rights. The United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner (2018) defines human rights as moral principles innate to all humans, whatever their nationality, location, gender, ethnic origins, religion, language, or other statuses.
Farzana, Syeda Zehan
Globally, urbanization is one of the major issue contains such impacts on human being due to hampering the protection of nature and over access of human across the nature, are the ultimate of increasing temperature especially increased Carbon-di-oxide (Co2) in air. The degradation of surrounding environment due to over Carbon-di-oxide (Co2) leads people to being attacked by various diseases. Urbanization is the process of expansion of a city by increasing of total population/area in urban localities over time1. In the developing nations compare to the developed nations of the world, urban areas are containing largest population which are the ultimate of becoming mega cities and rapid urbanization. As per the data, by 1990 the average population of 100 largest cities of the world was above 5 million whereas in 1800 it was below 2 lacs. Further by 1990, there were 12 �??mega cities�?? along with above 10 million inhabitants and among these cities seven were in Asia, three in Latin America and two in the United States of America.
Zhaofeng Wang
Evolution characteristics of the spatial network structure of tourism efficiency in China: A province-level analysis�?� conducted a study to explore the evolution characteristics of the spatial network structure of tourism efficiency at the provincial level in China. These valuable conclusions are as follows. First, during the sample period, tourism efficiency was generally stable nationwide, except for a slight decline at the end of the sample period. Spatially, the distribution pattern was approximately: eastern region, central region, northeastern region, western region. Second, the overall fluctuations of network density and network correlation degree decrease, which indicated that the spatial network structure of tourism efficiency became loosely linked during the sample period; a cooperation mechanism for tourism development in various provinces should be established as soon as possible. Third, province-level tourism efficiency in China shows apparent core-periphery structure characteristics; the overall core-periphery structure development tends to be group-centered, and the spatial connection is strengthened
Rick Stalnaker
The New Horizons Agency is an essential voice in educational services associated with autistic children. This educational feature of the organization will be the functional framework of this study. The agency is well-respected in mentoring governmental groups and driving the direction of policy for the treatment of autistic children. Communication is critical for optimal operation at New Horizons, and the forms of communication can sometimes be difficult to navigate. Therefore, training on how to use certain forms of communication are essential. Equally important is a development process for staff to reflect on how they are progressing in the learning of organizational policies on using various modes of communication.
Lydiah Nyaguthii Wambugu and Naomi Njoroge
Distance learning is not a new phenomenon. Technology has ensured that learning takes place anywhere at any time by freeing learners from the constraints of space and/or time respectively. Despite of this benefit, there is apprehension among some scholars that distance education compromises the quality of learning. Substantial research has been conducted comparing the academic performance of the conventional face-to-face and distance learners leading to the ‘no significant difference phenomena’. However, a number of researchers have questioned this claim and branded it as inconclusive in that it does not show whether the two modes are equally good or bad. These researchers suggest a shift from comparative studies to evaluation of specific distance education program. The argument for this assertion is that evaluation as a discipline assigns a value or worth of a phenomen based on certain criteria. This criteria may be in terms of fulfillment of outcomes, appropriateness of results (relevance and effectiveness), justification for resources used (efficiency), extent of the change that is attributed to the intervention (impact) and extent of the results lasting beyond the life of the intervention (sustainability). This paper seeks to synthesis program evaluation and distance education literature to recommend a framework for conducting evaluations of distance learning programs. This is because evaluation elements that are used to determine the worth and value of distance learning programs cannot be quite the same terms as the conventional face-to-face teaching that academicians are most familiar with.
Zaynab Karimi
A significant claim of CMT, as asserted by Lakoff (2014), is “the centrality of embodiment as the mechanism of meaningfulness.” Peoples’ experiences with their bodies play an essential role in the emergence of figurative thought. Hence, body-organ terms as a mapping process between the two domains are closely connected to the speakers’ conceptual system. This study scrutinizes conceptualizations of ‘foot’ in as many as 10000 Persian proverbs and expressions in the six related Iranian proverb books. Conducting a corpus-based analysis according to schematic's model conceptualization of cultural cognition developed by Sharifian 2011, this study indicates how ‘Pa,’ the Persian equivalent for foot, is conceptualized as being either tantamount to or being in the locality of feelings, thoughts, and memories, and personality traits. In general, it seems that the body part ‘Pa’ provides a conceptual foundation for speakers of Persian to represent their cognitive, emotional, socio-cultural, and linguistic experiences.
Muthuprasad T*, Aditya K S, Aiswarya S and Girish K Jha
Covid-19 pandemic and consequent shut downs to prevent the gatherings has disrupted the structured education programs across the world. In spite of the scare that the students might miss out on learning, this also provided opportunity to explore the possibility of moving classrooms online. As this transformation from traditional classroom education to online mode has been quick and unanticipated, it was challenging for both faculty and students. We conducted a study to determine the perception and preferences of agricultural students for online learning through an online survey of 307 students. In spite of the advantages of online learning such as flexibility, convenience etc., students have reported that poor internet connection, lack of devices and quality content, incompetency of faculty in preparing digital content as the major challenges. Therefore, all these aspects should be weighed while designing curriculum as educational institutes embrace the instructional challenges brought by the COVID- 19 pandemic.
Arkady Martynov
The author exposes an idea of universal sustainability, which capturing on a whole the interconnected pro-cesses of sustainable changes in society. Applying this conceptual idea opens the door for ripen implementation of overall social strategy at global and national levels in the coming decade.
Philipa Birago Akuoko*, Vincent Aggrey and Anastasia Amoako-Arhen
The author exposes an idea of universal sustainability, which capturing on a whole the interconnected pro-cesses of sustainable changes in society. Applying this conceptual idea opens the door for ripen implementation of overall social strategy at global and national levels in the coming decade.
Patricia Ahmut
Political science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political thoughts, political behavior, and associated constitutions and laws. Modern political science can generally be divided into the three sub disciplines of comparative politics, international relations, and political theory. Other notable sub disciplines are public policy and administration, domestic politics and government (often studied within comparative politics), as well as political economy and political methodology, Furthermore, political science is related to, and draws upon, the fields of economics, law, sociology, history, philosophy, human geography, journalism, political anthropology, and social policy. Political science is methodologically diverse and appropriates many methods originating in psychology, social research and cognitive neuroscience. Approaches include positivism, interpretivism, rational choice theory, behaviourism, structuralism, post-structuralism, realism, institutionalism, and pluralism. Political science, as one of the social sciences, uses methods and techniques that relate to the kinds of inquiries sought: primary sources, such as historical documents and official records, secondary sources such as scholarly journal articles, survey research, statistical analysis, case studies, experimental research, and model building.
Gael Benjaafar
Education began in prehistory, as adults trained the young in the knowledge and skills deemed necessary in their society. In pre-literate societies, this was achieved orally and through imitation. Story-telling passed knowledge, values, and skills from one generation to the next. As cultures began to extend their knowledge beyond skills that could be readily learned through imitation, formal education developed. Schools existed in Egypt at the time of the Middle Kingdom.
Sizwe D. Mabaso*, Sizwe M. Nxumalo, Sipho F. Mamba, Saico S. Singwane & Ian B. van Zuydam
This paper explored plastic waste management practices employed by rural households in rural households of Kingdom of Eswatini. It identified the types of plastic waste generated, estimated the average daily (and annual) amount generated, and established the different strategies employed by rural households in managing plastic waste. A semi-structured questionnaire, accompanied by an observation matrix, was used to solicit data from heads of households in Ezikhotheni and Zombodze emuva communities. Data on the types and amount of generated plastic waste (per household) were gathered for two consecutive months (December 2018 and January 2019) from the two rural communities. The results revealed that rural communities in Eswatini generate different types of plastic waste materials, and these include: Polyethylene Terephathalate (PET), High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Poly propylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS), Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) and other plastic waste materials layered from other plastic. On average, it was found that a rural household generates approximately 15.9 g of plastic waste per day, equating to about 5.8 kg per annum. Common plastic waste management practices found in these rural communities included; open burning, burying, reusing, disposing in backyard pit, indiscriminate disposal in the backyard, selling and upcycling. The study concluded that primitive traditional plastic waste disposal and management methods still characterize most rural households in Eswatini. However, modern and recommended plastic waste management practices were also observed in some households, particularly in Zombodze Emuva community.
Masoud Shafiei-Dastjerdi
Spatial resilience’ discourse can be used to guide the development of a conceptual framework for resilient place assessment. In this regard, a resilient place should feature a combination of physical and non-physical characteristics that can contribute to improved response and adaptation to a broad range of natural and manmade hazards. In this context, resilience is claimed to be the ability to adapt to varied risks and changes that threaten the quality of the functionality, liability, and vitality of a place. To further elaborate on the concept of resilient place, in a study, urban resilience literature were reviewed and conceptual framework for Resilient Place Assessment (RPA) was introduced. The conceptual framework of place assessment was developed concerning the constituent attributes of ‘place’ and ‘spatial resilience.’ In the proposed framework, the constructive dimensions of Resilient Place Assessment (RPA) include four dimensions, three of which are semantic resilience dimensions. Insights provided in this conceptual framework can be used by urban planners, designers, and policy makers in their efforts towards creating more resilient places.
Muhammad Nauman Akhter
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) makes up one of the largest foreign investments in the substructure of China’s ambitious Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). CPEC has become an unavoidable disquiet in South Asia with particular regard to Pakistan-India relations. The distinct transport corridor between Pakistan and China passes over Jammu and Kashmir, a disputed territory between India and Pakistan since 1947. Additionally, the Indian policy elite also anticipates CPEC’s economic and security implications for India. The emerging consensus in India appears that, far from being exclusively an economic and infrastructure development program, CPEC may be conceived as a longâ?term strategic initiative that seeks to convert China's current economic might into diplomatic influence. In comparison, Pakistan believes that CPEC will strengthen the economic, security and trade cooperation between China and Pakistan. Therefore, the paper attempts to answer the following questions: What is the Indian perception of CPEC? How does Pakistan attempt to shape the new narrative of CPEC? In the end, the paper will try to figure out some solutions for potential challenges.
Delphine Mascarene de Rayssac*, Jedidah Vika Muli and Lawrence Wainaina
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2024.15.487
A psychoanalytical approach to the climate crisis in terms of the individual psychological background as object relations determine the relationship to nature as holding female representations and group dynamics at work in the reaction or lack thereof. A further exploration into the ability to sustain frustration as a key element to personal and societal development allowing to shed primitive libidinal patterns whereas certain psychological structures are hindered from this ability. As a result, the dysfunctional narcissism feeds relationships of dominance and power completing a self destructive pattern where only adaptation and symbolization processes could counter the traumatic effects of sudden change to our modern lifestyles.
Maryam Ghasemisarukolai*, Hossein Kordi and Parvaneh Danesh
This article provides a conceptual framework for observing social well-being among university faculty members. The study aimed to recognize how the dimensions of human health have an essential role in balancing the social life of faculty members, and its general coverage in society can promote social development. A further aim was to focus on how to affect the social well-being of faculty members has a positive influence on the optimal performance of social roles in the academic environment and also what are the factors affecting the level of social wellbeing benefits of faculty members that will lead to improving the performance of professors in the scientific environment. The extensive observation in this research was considered on an individual scale, and the sample was (N=200) people. The obtained results in this research show that the social well-being rate of men is higher than women. According to descriptive data, the average mark of social wellbeing for faculty staff has been 105.5, minimum 78, and a maximum of 128, which is considered proper and shows the social well-being of faculty members is high. However, there are some different items observed based on background properties. Implications of results will be discussed.
Sikholiwe Dube* and Nhlanhla Sibanda
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2024.15.511
Naming in most African communities is a very crucial concept being celebrated: As names is a repository of cultural and historical information. Significant events and historical figures are remembered through naming. The focus of this paper is to unfold the perception that names attached to roads and schools (primary and secondary alike) in Lupane district of Matabeleland North Province in Zimbabwe, shed light on the preservation of history of the Ndebele people. The paper develops the argument that it is the past which gives identity to an individual or ethnic group. The landmark names in Lupane district extend the community’s commemoration of notable heroes and their achievements. Historical evidence has fostered the indelible mark of the names in Matabeleland, thereby serving as forms of linguistic as well as, historical records for posterity. In the same vein, the study attempts to reveal that significant events and people in Lupane district have been remembered through place naming evident in the schools and roads, among other observable landmarks consciously tagged by the community and the responsible local authority. Signposting such as road names and schools naming expresses the worldview of the Ndebele people in Lupane thereby asserting ownership of their space and authority to contribute to the construction of national narratives. As such, this onomastic practice in Lupane district is driven and manipulated by the Ndebele people’s historical milieu. A thorough exploration of the origin and meanings of place names in this regard will enable the study to establish their symbolic significance. Qualitative research methodology will be employed to study the place names and interviews will be carried out with resource persons from the community and local authority who have substantive knowledge about the subject under study.
DOI: DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2024.15.524
Vinod Kumar Mahawar* and Prabha Gaur
DOI: 10.37421/2161-6200.2023.14.553
Humour is a state of mind that has the ability to make people laugh. Humor and wit identify the comic species. Wit is the mental faculty of intelligence. In his novels, Narayan employs wit to produce humour. It is possible to understand the sociological interpretations of humour in R. K. Narayan's works for his ideas are based on in-depth research and offer several viewpoints on literary interpretations. He uses critical analysis to build social order, acceptance, and transformation through making fun of human conditions, interactions, and cultures. Humor is a sort of art, and people's acceptance of humour depends on a variety of sociological circumstances. Humor improves a person's physical and psychological health. It is an amusing intellectual experience that makes people laugh. Narayan's writings, which are fictionalized, portray the peculiarities and foibles of modern Indian life. They have a genuinely sarcastic quality. Comedy is a sort of art that helps people understands the evil that exists in their society. R. K. Narayan uses the genre of comedy to combat corruption in society. To demonstrate to his viewers the contradiction present in Indian culture, he uses regular people from the community as his protagonists. Indian philosophy is heavily infused in his writings. A discussion of the sociological interpretations of humour that may be found in many contexts, descriptions, narratives, and dialogues that enhance and advance human life is attempted.
Kanyi Christopher Munene*, Fredrick Muchoki Mwangi and Martin Duke Moindi
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2024.15.568
The study’s objectives were to trace the origin and development of the cooperative movement in Mwea irrigation scheme and to investigate the role of the cooperative movement in rice production in Mwea irrigation scheme from 1964 to 2009. The study was a descriptive survey that used primary and secondary sources of data. Respondents were purposively sampled and snowballing was used to link the researchers to other knowledgeable respondents. Respondents were interviewed orally. The data collected was analyzed and classified thematically based on the objectives of the study. The study found out that the cooperative movement in Mwea irrigation scheme began in 1964 as an initiative of rice farmers in the scheme. Although the movement lobbied for the rights of the rice farmers in the scheme, government interference made its advocacy activities unsuccessful between 1964 and l998. The movement enabled rice farmers buy shares in Mwea rice mills limited, a joint venture between rice farmers in the scheme and the government of Kenya. After liberalization of rice production in 1999, the cooperative movement took over most of the activities carried out by the national irrigation board since the board was no longer in charge or rice production in the scheme from 1999. The efficiency and effectiveness of the cooperative movement in provision of services to rice farmers was one of the reasons that led to an increase in rice acreage, amount and higher profits among farmers in the scheme from 1999. The cooperative movement therefore had a positive impact on rice production in the scheme after 1999. More rice farmers therefore need to be encouraged to join the cooperative movement. The cooperative movement in Mwea irrigation scheme needs to diversify its activities in order to bring on board more people into it and not just rice farmers.
Abdel-Kadri Fuseini* and Beatrice Yayra Amati
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2024.15.580
The study examined the role of a local NGO (House of Liberation for Empowerment (HOLIFE) in economic empowerment of rural women in the Upper West Region, Ghana. It delved into the factors constraining women economic empowerment, assessed HOLIFE strategies adopted in promoting women economic empowerment and further identified the challenges facing HOLIFE organization in the discharge of its duties in the study areas. The paper builds on a case study of HOLIFE-NGO engaged in women empowerment so far in five districts in the upper west region. The study adopted in-depth interviews with three HOLIFE top management staff, one focus group discussions held in each beneficiary district with nine-teen women beneficiaries and semi-structured interviews with twenty-five HOLIFE district based executives from the five beneficiary districts (five each from the five districts). The collected data were analyzed and presented as frequency distribution percentages, direct quotations and narratives. The study revealed the following as factors militating against women economic empowerment in the study area; thus lack of access to farmland, cultural practices, inaccessibility to credit, lack of extension services and Illiteracy. However, the women beneficiaries are with the opinion that HOLIFE is highly contributing to uplifting their economic empowerment. It was further revealed that HOLIFE uses the following strategies to empower its women includes; awareness campaign/advocacy campaign; skill training programs; loan with a low-interest rate; and capacity building. Despite the effectiveness of the strategies, the following factors impede HOLIFE smooth operations thus insufficient fund, poor roads, irregularity in membership meetings, illiteracy and product marketing challenge. It is recommended that the government as well as donors should help reduce the constraining factors of local NGOs in the country to ensuring their smooth operations towards women empowerment.
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2024.15.638
This study looks at how social media affects people's thoughts and actions when it comes to environmental health and understanding in Bangladesh. In the last 20 years, social media sites have become very important for environmental campaigning, having a big impact on how people interact with each other and how policies are discussed. According to data, the number of social media users in Bangladesh rose from about 1 million in 2000 to over 45 million by 2024. At the same time, more material relating to the environment was posted. In 2022, polls showed that 78% of people who answered had seen environmental efforts on social media, and 62% said that they knew more about environmental problems in their own communities. The study talks about campaigns that worked, like the "Clean Dhaka" project, which touched more than 5 million people and got 30% more people to help clean up their communities. In addition, a comparison of participation data shows that posts about environmental health get 35% more interactions than posts about other topics. According to conversations with activists and policymakers, social media is a very important way to get people to support causes, help grassroots groups, and improve contact between people and the government. This study shows that social media has the power to change how people think about the environment and help create a culture of sustainability in Bangladesh. This can lead to better public health and environmental care. The findings suggest that social media environmental campaigns should invest in digital learning programs to maximize their benefits.
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2024.15.639
Personally traits and characteristics are biological as well as environmental. Gender is a universal dichotomy in any given culture. Strict gender behavioral traits are however believed to produce inhibitions, especially for females, which may lead to inhibitions in achievement and success situations. Mostly importantly, they inhibit females from subjects, careers and specializations which have been stereotypically ascribed to males. However, where there are gender behavioral flexibility traits, there may be no inhibitions as to choice of a career, which may be perceived as a male domain. This could be true especially for females who are of high intellectual promise and for literate backgrounds. This was the reason for this study on university women in Nigeria aimed at finding out the level of stereotypic gender learning they may have and if this relates to the field the women are in. The study showed that more of the women were feminine in orientation among those in the science-based specializations and those in the humanities. The study recommended that, for a state of flux to be in gender stereotype, the foundation should be laid early during the foundational years for not only females but males for societal balancing.
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2024.15.640
It has been argued by many that an individual’s posit to school work and achievement in school is central to the individual’s performance in school. Moreover, intelligent girls are believed to shy away from high performance because of the believe that it could elicit social rejection. The present study was aimed at finding out the difference in academic performance of girls who are positively attuned to achievement and success in school as compared to those who are negatively so.
An investigator’s constructed achievement orientation instrument was used for the study, while academic result of the students for two terms in English and Mathematics were used to find out the level of the student’s performance. The findings of the study revealed no significant difference in performance between the two groups of subjects under study.
Nowadays, the increasing number of unsupervised children working or/and living on streets has become one of urban social problems, particularly in developing nations. Ethiopia as one of the developing countries with rapid urbanization is also facing rapid increase in the size of street children. The purpose of the study was to investigate the factors that lead children to street, challenges they face on streets and their coping mechanisms with particular reference to street children in Nekemte town; a capital of East Wallega Zone, Oromia National Regional state of Ethiopia. Nekemte as one of the growing large urban centers in Western Ethiopia and due to its strategic location attracts large number of immigrants including street children. The study was qualitative in nature. Data were gathered through interview, focus group discussion and observation. Research informants were selected through snowball and purposive sampling. Twenty children were interviewed and two focus group discussions were held. The size was determined during data collection based on the principle of data saturation. Poverty was found to be the main factor that leads children to street as many children are working on street to support themselves or their families. Besides, abuse and mistreatment at home, harassment at school, urban life attraction, and displacement and peer pressure were also found to be among the causes. Street children face several challenges while working or/and living on urban streets. Difficulty of securing basic necessities of life, abuse by adults including police and older street children, stigma and marginalization, lack of toilet facility and place to bath and extreme weather conditions (cold and hot) were the main challenges they face. The study indicated that street children use both positive and negative coping mechanisms to overcome these challenges. Positive coping strategies include carrying personal belongings of passengers, engaging in various petty businesses, shoe shinning and doing errands of persons. The study indicated that most children try to survive engaging in these positive or socially acceptable coping strategies. Street children also resort to negative coping mechanisms when positive coping strategies fail to support children’s living, especially to get basic necessities of food, clothing and shelter. These strategies include: begging, stealing, selling sex, chewing and drinking alcohol.
Jana Majdy Rehan, Elham Fahad Almutawa, Shaimaa Ali Towerib and Amal Tolba Badawi*
In our research, we presented a statistical study about the impact of e-learning on the child’s psychological and physical health, and the importance of the study is to draw attention to the child’s psychological and physical health, which is essential in their influence at the academic level of the child on the elementary grades (kindergarten-primary stage), and most of the governments in the world have temporarily closed educational institutions, in an effort to reduce the spread of the corona pandemic (COVID-19), which led to their decision-making to convert urban classrooms into virtual classes as it had a great impact on children from kindergarten to primary. And the result was that e-learning had a negative impact on the health of the child, whereas, the result and data were obtained through a questionnaire that was answered by the parents.
This paper aims to scrutinize conceptualizations of gustatory sensation in contemporary Persian cultural pragmatic schema from a perspective of Cultural Linguistics. Several expressions in which gustatory terms are used reflect cultural metaphors where gustatory is used as a primary domain for conceptual mapping to the domain of emotion. Conducting a corpus-based analysis according to schematic’s model conceptualization of cultural cognition developed by Sharifian, this study indicates how gustatory sensation as English equivalent for Maze is conceptualized. This study also examines particular cultural categorizations of food. Human nature pertains to the concept of ‘gustatory’ in Persian and traces back the root of these categorizations to Iranian culture. The gustatory terms are also used to describe and categorize some things such as color and smell. All in all, the observations made in this paper support the view those conceptualizations of gustatory supply an interface for the interaction between sensory and bodily experiences (embodiment), human conceptual faculties, and cultural conceptualizations.
This study investigates the interaction of L1, L2, and L3 in the acquisition of English interrogative structures by Persian monolinguals and Kurdish-Persian Bilinguals across different levels of language proficiency in light of generative UG models (Full Transfer Full Access (FA/FT), Representational Deficit Hypothesis (RDH), Shallow Structure Hypothesis, Direct Access (DA), Missing Surface Inflection Hypothesis (MSIH), and Modulated Structure Building Hypothesis (MBSH). The participants were 108 learners, including Persian monolinguals and Kurdish-Persian bilinguals, assigned to lower intermediate, upper-intermediate, and advanced proficiency levels. The participants were then given two experimental tests (GJTandTT), to analyze the data; the inferential Statistics of ANOVA and Post hoc Scheffe tests were employed. The results indicated no significant difference between the performances of monolinguals and bilinguals at each level of language proficiency, yet the difference was statistically significant across proficiency levels; also, no single generative hypothesis can offer a comprehensive explanation of the whole process of L2 and L3 interrogative language acquisition. The results support the predictions made by FT/FA, DA, and MBSH and contradict with the predictions made by RDH, MSIH, and SSH.
Grisel Burgos-Barreto*, Edison Martínez-Monegro and German Garcia
Background: Access to primary care services in low-income rural and urban areas of Puerto Rico remains a significant public health challenge. Punto Esperanza Clinic (PEC) is a free primary care medical clinic in the urban area of Santurce, which is a densely populated, low-income area with a mixed local Puerto Rican and immigrant community. The present study aims to establish a sociodemographic and clinical profile of the patient population at PEC.
Methods: Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from clinical interviews and surveys provided to participants over a two-year period from 2018 to 2020.
Results: The population (145) between ages 22-97 years that received medical care services at Punto Esperanza Clinic from January 2018 to March 2020, had a mean age of 60.6. In addition, 57.9% were males and 32.2% were single. The majority of participants received their income from government benefits (23.4%) and 90.1% lived in San Juan, PR. On the clinical aspect, the analysis based on reported medical conditions, categorized by body system, the leading cause of disease were cardiovascular disease (51.9%), this was followed by endocrine conditions (32%), psychiatric conditions (18.9%), gastrointestinal conditions (15%), respiratory conditions (11.3%), and immunological conditions (11.3%).
Conclusion: Given these results, more research is encouraged to examine current healthcare protocols and develop ways to provide better access to primary care in the vulnerable community around and near Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico in the future.
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2024.15.626
This paper employs combination of SWOT analysis and analytic hierarchy process, in strategic planning for tourism of small simangambat village dalihan natolu Batak Culture, which is located in the north sumatera Indonesia. SWOT analysis identifies internal and external factors which are prioritized by expert in tourism domain by means of Analytic hierarchy process. The prioritized SWOT factors are used in strategies formulation using TOWS matrix. Results indicate that proactive communication strategy and isolation strategy with effective marketing promotional strategy were the best.
David Love Opeyemi*, Adepoju Omoseni Oyindamola and Akinkuotu Joshua Oluwagaloba
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2024.15.625
The police force stabilizes public institutions for societal tranquillity, economic development, peaceful coexistence and is an integral pillar in securing human development, which unfortunately operates as a mirage in Nigeria. Therefore, this study seeks to provide appropriate recommendations for structural reform of the Nigeria police force using the Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) approach to the identified challenges facing the Nigerian Police Force. The study used qualitative research methodology through the thorough and critical content analysis of reports, journals, publications, and news. The study findings revealed five significant challenges hindering police effectiveness in Nigeria and developed a 10 X 5 SHRM framework that included ten (10) strategic focus and five (5) strategies. The study recommended that utilizing the 10 X 5 strategic human resource management frameworks alongside 1829 nine (9) policing principles and three (3) core ideas of Sir Robert Peel.
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2024.15.621
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide affected the socio-cultural life of the African. One major socio-cultural ritual that was heavily affected was the celebration of funeral rituals. Funerals in Africa are not only social ceremonies but religious as well. The community uses it to send off the departed to the spiritual world. However, the advent of the COVID-19 affected the performance of funeral rituals in Africa. The paper discusses the impact of the disruption using the experience in Ghana and the responses of the various communities in Ghana had to respond to the regulations put in place by the government to regulate funerals and other indigenous religious rituals. Employing the phenomenological method, the paper analyses data collected from the field and the literature to assess the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 on the celebration of funeral rituals in Ghana. Findings from the study indicates that COVID-19 disrupted the celebrations of festivals in Ghana.
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2024.15.622
Assessing the level of transfer in both public and private organizations is increasingly becoming necessary as a means of determining employee productivity and efficiency. In 2000 Holton and others came up with training transfer system inventory as a tool to predict transfer. He asserted that the success or failure of training transfer in an organization depends on the learning transfer system which are: Trainee characteristics, training design and work environment. However, it is important to note that these factors are viewed differently according demographic characteristics, context and time span taken after the training. The purpose of this study was to analyze the drivers that lead to the transfer of agricultural risk management practices among agricultural extension staff in Uganda who were trained by the Ugandan Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) so as to build their capacity to train smallholder farmers to manage the agricultural risks that have for long affected productivity. There was need to determine the extent to which the trainees were able to transfer the skill gained in Agriculture Risk Management (ARM) training back to their work environment. A total number of 281 were interviewed on their last day of training. Showed that perceived content validity, opportunity to use, readiness to learn, transfer effort performance expectation, and training design, had a significant impact on agricultural risk management transfer. Extension worker trainers, decision makers/facilitators, and other actors in the extension system should pay particular attention to the factors reported here as important to agricultural risk management training transfer. Furthermore, the LTSI has been proved to be effective in evaluating agricultural risk management training.
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2024.15.624
This paper builds an original theory that is derived from the methodology premised in the ontology leading to the epistemology of unity of knowledge of monotheistic oneness in its widest meaning encompassing the dynamics of creation in its generality and specificity of issues and problems. This methodology is explained in terms of pervasive participatory and organic interactive, integrative, and evolutionary learning (IIE learning) nature and logic of the generality and details of the world-system of ‘everything’. Such an entirety of the diverse components of the world-system and its entities is explained by inter-causal endogenous variables and their relations in the form of algorithmic analytics.
Institutionalism as the phenomenology of such an intrinsic world-system and its inherent interactive, integrative and evolutionary learning (IIE learning processes) characteristics of the worldview of the pervasively participatory processes is taken as the widest definition of political economy. Thus, this paper studies the conceptual and applied aspects of the emergent field of political economy of the institutionalist worldview in the light of the qur’anic primal ontology of monotheistic unity of knowledge referred to as Tawhid and its methodological worldview governed by the ontology of unity of knowledge and its embedding of the world-system.
On the contrary, the prevalent view of political economy of institutionalism is one of legitimating the competition and adversarial behaviour that is transmitted to the nature of institutionalism via the methodological individualism nature of self and other. The pronounced difference in the theory of political economy of institutionalism in the prevalent orientation and the one presented in this paper is therefore one premised on the opposing views. These are of methodological individualism of the adversarial outlook between entities and oppositely that of participation in a methodological orientation of unity of knowledge. Even in the contrasting views of the normative theory we are constructing against the positivistic theory being extant.
The objective of this paper is to introduce an ethically constructed possibility, where there does not exist one presently. The other going idea of actor network that resembles our IIE learning methodological worldview with its ontological universality and uniqueness is of significance to understand the inter-causal relations between primal ontology of unity of knowledge, mind, machine, and sustainable inferences thus obtained. Indeed, this monotheistic quest ought to be the ultimate objective of the socio-scientific era.
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2024.15.627
This study focused on the importance of using audio visual resources in acquiring musical skills in junior secondary schools in two purposefully selected schools in IFE central local government area of Osun State (Obafemi Awolowo university international school and urban day secondary school). The population of this study was 150 students, and the sample was 90 students from classes JSS 1-3. The results showed that the use of audio visual materials has a more significant influence on the teaching and learning of music students in junior secondary schools. It also indicated that the use of audio visual resources aids the retention capacity of the students, so as not to easily forget what they have learnt. Finally, the researcher recommended that there is ardent need for government and stakeholders to provide audio visual resources/aids in the schools to facilitate the teaching and learning process. Therefore, it is suggested that music teachers be adequately equipped with the knowledge of how audio visual resources are applied as teaching and learning aids to impact musical skills on students.
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2024.15.623
The article explores the evolution of film art from its early days as a two-dimensional plane visual art to a multi-dimensional space somatosensory aesthetics. The author discusses the different dimensions of film art, including sound, space, and technology, and how they have contributed to the development of film aesthetics. The article also examines how film art has been influenced by various cultural and social factors and how it has evolved to reflect changing societal norms and values. Finally, the author argues that film art is a dynamic and evolving form of artistic expression that will continue to evolve and adapt to new technologies and cultural contexts.
Edward A. Egbara, Henry I. Ofodu* and Ifeyinwa U. Egbara
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2024.15.618
This study examined the issue of e-taxation and improved tax compliance: the case of tax evasion and avoidance in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study focused on two specific objectives. It examined how e-taxation has reduced tax evasion in Nigeria; and how e-taxation has helped in stemming the issue of tax avoidance in Enugu State of Nigeria. The study adopted an ex-post facto research design. Analysis conducted in the study made use of secondary quantitative data collated from the Federal Inland Revenue Services (FIRS), National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and Enugu State Internal Revenue Service (ESIRS). The study revealed that e-taxation has significantly reduced tax evasion by increasing revenue generated in Nigeria. The study discloses higher mean value for tax revenue after the adoption of e-taxation when compared with the mean value before the adoption of the e-taxation system. It also revealed that e-taxation has significantly helped in stemming the issue of tax avoidance by increasing revenue generated in Enugu State of Nigeria. The analysis of the data indicated higher mean value for tax revenue after the adoption of e-taxation in Enugu State when compared with the mean value before the adoption of the e-taxation system. The study made some vital recommendations which include the need for FIRS to create an electronic tax payment system mobile App which will serve as a means of creating more awareness and simplification of the e-tax system in the country. It was concluded in this study that the e-taxation system commands high tax compliance than the manual system era in Nigeria.
Jamal Hussein and Nik Hadiyan Nik Azman*
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2024.15.619
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2024.15.620
Walt Whitman is one of America's most iconic poets. He is renowned for his innovative and linguistic style, which embodies the spirit of revolution. His poem "Song of Myself" from his collection "Leaves of Grass" captures the essence of this revolutionary spirit, as it challenges traditional norms and explores the possibilities of realizing the American ideal. The study delves into the process of power and its ability to regenerate a sense of life. This analysis not only sheds light on Whitman's unique use of language and form but also explores how his poetry captures the possibilities of realizing the American ideal. Whitman’s use of the present participial form in the closing lines of "Song of Myself," where he writes "I stop somewhere waiting for you," is a prime example of his innovative linguistic style and his vision of the present being connected to both the past and the future. This paper attempts to analyze this poem in the light of socio-cognitive approach.
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2022.13.498
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2022.13.500
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2022.13.501
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2022.13.502
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2025.16.641
With its vast and rapidly growing economy, China has emerged as a crucial partner for countries across the globe, particularly in Africa. The Chinese African partnership extends beyond mere diplomacy, encompassing bilateral lending and development projects. Currently, certain African countries, such as Uganda, are already experiencing the adverse effects of these loans, with assets such as Entebbe International Airport being put at risk. Numerous low-income African nations are grappling with the daunting challenge of meeting their debt obligations, and this situation is likely to worsen in the years to come. This paper aims to examine the potential risks associated with the debt burden on African nations. It will also explore the challenges they may face in repaying the loans. However, it highlights some of the infrastructural developments attained through the loans. It concludes that despite a relative decline in the scale of Chinese lending to Africa between 2000 and 2020, these loans have the potential to both facilitate economic development in Africa and entangle the continent in a form of enslavement. Interdependence theory is used to discuss the findings of the paper.
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2025.16.642
The short article is devoted to the burning issue of external danger hanging over Europe. A way out of the situation is achievable only in the case of unprecedented efforts on the part of the EU leadership and the national governments of the Continent, supplemented by the most active participation of the European public. Then the path to future overall social progress will be feasible.
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2025.16.643
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2025.16.644
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2025.16.645
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2025.16.646
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2025.16.647
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2025.16.648
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2025.16.649
DOI: 10.37421/2151-6200.2025.16.650
Arts and Social Sciences Journal received 1413 citations as per Google Scholar report
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