Cecile Paris PhD in Artificial Intelligence (more specifically in Natural Language Processing and User Modelling) in 1987 from Columbia University (New York) and her Bachelor degree from the University of California in Berkeley. My research has focused on Natural Language Processing (also called Computational Linguistics, Language Technologies) and User Modelling throughout her career. I joined the Information Sciences Institute (ISI), a research laboratory in Marina del Rey (Los Angeles, Ca), where I stayed until 1996, working on knowledge based systems. .