Kazuhiro Ikegame*
With advances in preconditioning regimens and supportive care, transplants from related donors who share only one of the two Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) haplotypes known as HLA. Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (haplo-HCT) have been widely performed. Three HLA haplotypes are involved in haplo-HCT: The shared haplotype of the patient and donor (shared HLA), the haplotype uniquely possessed by the donor (donor-specific HLA) and the haplotype belonging to the patient (host-specific HLA). In this context, a critical question arises: Which HLA are donor-derived T cells restricted to after transplantation? Immediately following transplantation, mature donor T and stem cells are transferred to the recipient’s body.
Alan Chew Bonilla*, Emanuel Chew Bonilla, Paulina Bueno Zarazua and Federico Graue Wiechersa
Proliferative retinopathy is a significant ocular complication associated with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) and other forms of leukemia. Understanding the various ophthalmological manifestations and their management is important for improving patient outcomes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the ocular alterations seen in leukemia patients, with a particular focus on proliferative retinopathy in CML, its delayed manifestation and management strategies. A thorough literature review was conducted, emphasizing key studies and case reports that highlight the ocular complications of leukemia, particularly those related to proliferative retinopathy in CML. Leukemia can cause a range of ophthalmic manifestations, including retinal hemorrhages, microaneurysms and neovascularization. Proliferative retinopathy, characterized by abnormal neovascularization is more common in chronic leukemias like CML. This condition often presents in the advanced stages of CML and can significantly impair vision if not managed promptly. The pathogenesis involves chronic hypoxia, leukostasis and inflammatory mediators, leading to the formation of fragile new blood vessels. Delayed manifestation of proliferative retinopathy in CML underscores the importance of regular ophthalmological surveillance, even in patients with well-controlled systemic disease. Early detection and timely intervention are essential in managing proliferative retinopathy in CML. A multidisciplinary approach involving both hematologists and ophthalmologists is essential for optimal patient care. Regular follow-up and vigilant screening for ocular changes can significantly improve the prognosis and quality of life for leukemia patients. This review highlights the need for ongoing research and education to better understand and manage the ocular complications of leukemia.
Xiaoxian Zhao, Feng Lin and Eric D. Hsi*
CD6 is one of the first discovered lymphocyte receptors. It is expressed on all T cells, a NK cell subset, and B-lymphocyte B1a subsets. CD6 is involved in cell-to-cell interaction and modulation of adaptive immune responses. It is also implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of immune-mediated conditions. CD6 and its two major known ligands (CD166 and CD318) have emerged as new therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases. Recent studies explored the distribution of CD6 in both T-cell lymphomas and aggressive NK/T cell neoplasms, and evaluated the activities of CD6-antibody drug conjugate in both in vitro and in vivo mouse models for these malignancies. In this mini-review, we highlight the current understanding of CD6 as a therapeutic target in autoimmune disease, T cell lymphoma and aggressive NK/T cell neoplasms.
Arriel Makembi Bunkete1* , Florence Fermigier 1 , David Gondele Ipungu 1 , Kazi Anga Muamba 1 , Blady Mpibi Mpiana 1 , Alphonse Edjokola Munyubu1 , Gabriel Bafunyembaka1 , Pascal Kuamba Kasonga1 , Franchisca-Anaïs Morry 1 , Yannick Kashala Madimba 1 , Mohamed Sidibe2 , Malika Belgrine2 , Timote Davodoun2 , Irenée Djiconkpode 1 and Tanguy Gbaguidi2
Background: Lead is toxic to the body. Its chronic intoxication combines various clinical and biological disorders that can be life-threatening. In French Guiana, lead poisoning is particularly worrying, as the incidence rate is nearly sixty times higher than in metropolitan France. In chronic hemodialysis patients, lead levels are often higher and can lead to several adverse consequences. Hence, the interest of this study, which is to describe the clinical and biological characteristics of chronic hemodialysis patients with high blood lead levels and to identify the associated factors to draw attention to its screening and the prevention of its complications. Methods: Descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study that included 65 patients on chronic conventional hemodialysis: With an annual biological assessment in December 2022, including a serum lead assay. The outcome was the notion of hyper lead level, defined by a lead level >85 μg/l. We described the clinical, biological, and dialytic parameters of patients with hyper lead levels and in logistic regression, we identified the factors that are correlated according to a significance threshold P<0.05. Results: In all, 54% of patients had hyperplumbemia, 2/3 of them women. They were older, with an average age of 62. None of the patients had been occupationally exposed to lead. 94% were hypertensive and half were diabetic. 26% had anemia, and half had erythropoietin resistance. Their ferritin levels were slightly lower, with a mean of 721 μg/l. Mean albumin was 30 g/l, prealbumin 28 g/l, mean parathyroid hormone 1355 ng/ml, NT-pro BNP 9144 ng/ml. Mean CRP was 10.8 mg/l. They had collapsed residual diuresis and natriuresis with averages of 141 ml and 12 mmol/24 hours, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between high Blood Lead Level (BLL) levels and young age, and a negative correlation with female gender, low serum albumin, prealbumin, protein and ferritin levels, as well as collapsed residual diuresis. Conclusion: High blood lead levels are common in the Guyanese chronic hemodialysis population in which it is correlated with female sex, malnutrition, iron deficiency and residual poor renal function and probably with resistance to erythropoietin treatment. It is necessary to screen in at-risk populations to prevent complications associated with it.
Melisyah Meliana
Pharmacokinetics is the investigation of digestion of medications in organic liquids, tissues and excreta. The discoveries of ongoing improvements uncover that Multidrug Obstruction (MDR) adjusted the bioavailability of orally managed drugs through enlistment or restraint. Part of Multi-drug treatment: MDR is a term used to portray the marvel described by the capacity of medication safe tumors to display synchronous protection from various primarily and practically disconnected chemotherapeutic specialists. Various systems have been portrayed to clarify the wonder of MDR in mammalian cells. They have been extensively ordered into cell and non-cell components. Boundaries of pharmacokinetic inconstancy in malignancy patients:
Jeena Aniston
Road traffic accidents are increasing day by day which will result in Spinal cord Injury to the victims. In Spinal cord Injury nervous system is affected which is not re-gene ratable so whatever damage occur its permanent for rest of life. Thoracic spinal cord injury patient have spared Upper extremities and some trunk muscle with use of those and some assistive devices patient can achieve the independence in his life
Bunkechukwu Mehemed
Frailty with bone marrow promegaloblastosis (megaloblastic weakness). This is because of the restraint of DNA blend (explicitly purines and thymidine). Gastrointestinal side effects: modification in inside motility, like gentle the runs or blockage, and loss of bladder or gut control. These are believed to be because of flawed DNA amalgamation repressing replication in tissue destinations with a high turnover of cells. This may likewise be because of the immune system assault on the parietal cells of the stomach in noxious paleness. There is a relationship with gastric antral vascular ectasia (which can be alluded to as watermelon stomach), and malicious anemia. Neurological manifestations: tangible or engine insufficiencies (missing reflexes, lessened vibration or delicate touch sensation) and sub acute consolidated degeneration of the spinal cord. Deficiency side effects in kids incorporate formative postponement, relapse, peevishness, compulsory developments and hypotonia.
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2022.12.285
Katya Ravid* and Alessandra Balduini
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2024.14.326
Pin Yao*, Lu Zhang, Jia Lin, Ruo-Wen Sun, Ru-Nan Wang, Hang-Fei Qu, Bo-Xuan Fang and Shuo Feng*
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2024.14.330
Angelos Giannakoulas, Marios Nikolaidis, Grigorios D. Amoutzias and Nikolaos Giannakoulas*
DOI: 10.37421/2165-7831.2024.14.329
Puja M. Jagasia, Iulianna C. Taritsa, Kazimir Bagdady and Megan Fracol*
DOI: 10.37421/ 2165-7831.2024.14.327
Silicone breast implants have been linked to the development of cancers such as Breast Implant Associated-Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) and lesser understood conditions Breast Implant Illness (BII). The pathogenesis of BIA-ALCL has been linked to T-cell activation and proliferation in the capsule of textured breast implants. The effect of silicone breast implants on B cell-mediated immune reactions is not broadly understood. To cultivate a better understanding of how breast implants, affect B-cell mediated immune responses, both local in the capsule and potentially systemically, the authors performed a systematic review. After screening 1096 articles, 39 studies met inclusion criteria. Of the 39 studies meeting inclusion criteria, 23 studied human subjects, 14 studied animal models and 2 studied in vitro models. These studies focused on B cell-mediated immune responses on either a systemic level by examining antibody formation or on a local level by examining the breast implant capsule. Common results included the presence of anti-silicone antibodies and autoantibodies frequently implicated in autoimmune diseases. B lymphocytes found in the breast implant capsule were shown to form germinal centers and plasma cells, which secrete antibodies. Importantly, ten studies showed no indication that B cell-mediated immunity was significantly different in breast implant exposed subjects compared to those without implants. Exposure to silicone breast implants can result in B-cell mediated immune responses such as antibody formation. More research is needed to link these findings to the clinical manifestations of breast implant associated pathology.
Sara Herrera-De La Mata, Syed Hasan Arshad, Ramesh J Kurukulaaratchy and Grégory Seumois*
Patients with severe uncontrolled asthma represent a distinct endotype with persistent airway inflammation and remodeling that is refractory to corticosteroid treatment. CD4+ TH2 cells play a central role in regulating asthma pathogenesis, and biologic therapies targeting their cytokine pathways have had promising outcomes. However, not all patients respond well to such treatment, and their effects are not always durable nor reverse airway remodeling. This observation raises the possibility that other CD4+ T cell subsets and their effector molecules may drive airway inflammation and remodeling. We performed single-cell transcriptome analysis of >50,000 airway CD4+ T cells isolated from Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) samples from 30 patients with mild and severe asthma. We observed striking heterogeneity in the nature of CD4+ T cells present in asthmatics' airways with Tissue-Resident Memory (TRM ) cells making a dominant contribution. Notably, in severe asthmatics, a subset of CD4+ TRM cells (CD103-expressing) was significantly increased, comprising nearly 65% of all CD4+ T cells in the airways of male patients with severe asthma when compared to mild asthma (13%). This subset was enriched for transcripts linked to T Cell Receptor (TCR) activation (HLA-DRB1, HLA-DPA1) and cytotoxicity (GZMB, GZMA) and, following stimulation, expressed high levels of transcripts encoding for pro-inflammatory non-TH2 cytokines (CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, TNF, LIGHT) that could fuel persistent airway inflammation and remodeling. Our findings indicate the need to look beyond the traditional T2 model of severe asthma to better understand the heterogeneity of this disease.
Ali Spikestein*
The importance of the study, “Impact of Facility Dog and Certified Child Life Specialist Dyad on Children’s Pain and Anxiety during Needlestick Procedures in a Pediatric Hematology Oncology Clinic Setting,” is clear given the breadth of research done on the impact of frequent painful procedures and treatments on pediatric hematology oncology patients and their families.
Journal of Blood & Lymph received 443 citations as per Google Scholar report
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