Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is characterized as a kind of diabetes initially analyzed during pregnancy occurrence of GDM shifts from 2% to 14% around the world and it is expanding. Maternal glucose has been related with a danger of unfavorable pregnancy results in a direct way. High admission of soaked fat, low admission of polyunsaturated fat, and unnecessary gestational weight addition may build the danger of GDM. Actual movement is likewise connected with diminished danger of GDM. Way of life alterations have been demonstrated to be an important adjunctive treatment of GDM. Anticipation of gestational weight gain by dietary what's more, actual movement guiding have discovered positive outcomes and organized high-impact practice preparing has been appeared to diminish birth weight of the babies.
Adane Adugna Ayalew*and Awoke Fenta Wedag
Foot ulcer is mainly developing due to diabetic disease. It is an open sore on the foot. The aim of this research is to develop polyurethane memory foam insock in Ethiopia by replacing costly material silicon surfactant and distill water by locally available and affordable input materials castor oil as surfactant and tap water instead of distilled water for the diabetic foot ulcer patients. Under this research, it was able to prove the severity of foot ulcer in Ethiopia and enhance the high demand of orthotic appliance. Three memory foam insock with different surfactant ratios were manufactured at AMAGA P.L.C foam factory, Bahir Dar Ethiopia, using standard Polyols and diisocyanates. The in sock was prepared by using materials used in the factory to prepare PU memory foam mattress with 5 g, 9.5 g and 10.36 g of castor oil surfactant amount as a new replaced material instead of costly silicon surfactant from the three, the first castor oil (5 g) is not form a foam and hence no further investigation is conducted on it. Physical properties such as thickness, density, Hardness, Compression set, water absorption and abrasion resistance of developed in sock were tested. Further the new developed in sock was compared with that of existed commercial polyurethane in sock and the SATRA standards. The new developed insock has showed an equivalent mechanical property with the standard.
Flora G. Ruhangisa, Nyasatu G. Chamba, Kajiru G. Kilonzo, Elichilia R. Shao*, Gloria A. Temu Clifford Tarimo, Isaack A. Lyaruu and Akrabi Huda
Objective: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is steadily increasing globally; whereas Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy (CAN) is one of the well-established complications of diabetes mellitus that is long standing and poorly controlled. Alteration in cardiac sympathetic innervations may result in QTc interval prolongation and predispose to arrthymias and sudden death. QTc interval prolongation in ECG is rapid, non-invasive and specific method in detecting CAN among type two diabetic patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of prolonged QTc interval among Type 2 DM (T2DM) patients at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi Tanzania. This cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out from October 2016 to March 2017 among 310 type 2 diabetic patients.
Results: The prevalence of prolonged QTc interval among T2DM was found to be 32%. Poor glycaemic control (OR: 2.55, P=<0.0001), Being Hypertensive (OR: 1.73, P=0.037), High Total cholesterol (OR: 1.52, P=0.001), High LDL-c (OR: 1.28, P=0.005), High Triglycerides (OR: 1.64, P=0.001), Fasting plasma glucose (OR: 1.08, P=0.017), Diabetes duration (OR: 1.09, P=<0.0001), Insulin regimen (OR: 2.14, P=0.011), Combined regimen (Oral hypoglycemic and Insulin) (OR: 4.55, P=0.015), High BMI (P=0.008) were significant factors. Multivariate logistic regression showed that poor glycaemic control, fasting plasma glucose, insulin regimen and combined regimen (insulin and oral hypoglycemic) were determinants for QTc prolongation among T2DM patients in this study.
Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of prolonged QTc interval. Modifiable factors such as poor glycaemic control, dyslipidemia, hypertension, fasting plasma glucose and treatment modalities were associated with the QTc prolongation. Furthermore, longer diabetes duration was also associated with QTc prolongation. Thus there is need of having a tightly glycaemic control, screening and management of dyslipidemia as well as regular ECG check up to high risk group.
One of the most severe and painful chronic complications of diabetes mellitus is diabetic foot (DF). Poor wound healing increases the risk of disability and death in diabetic patients1, 2 as well as the number of hospitalizations and lower limb amputations. The prevalence of DF has been estimated to be between 2.46 and 2.4 percent3 per year. Patients with healed foot ulcers have a higher than 50%4 incidence of recurrence after three years. As a result, diabetic foot is now a significant threat to public health.The regulation of bone turnover and the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus are both dependent on vitamin D, a pleiotropic steroid hormone. In addition, it is known to play a role in the inflammatory response, immune function, cell cycle regulation, and a number of chronic diseases, including diabetes and its complications5, 6. In addition, there is a correlation between vitamin D levels and HbA1c levels in diabetic patients7, and low vitamin D levels have also been linked to lower muscle strength8. Vitamin D deficiency affects approximately one billion people worldwide, primarily in the Middle East, China, Mongolia, and India9. It is interesting to note that the proportion is even higher during the winter.
High rates of microvascular and macrovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality are common in type 1 diabetes, which has a significant financial impact on society. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends islet cell transplantation (ICT) as a treatment option for people with type 1 diabetes who suffer from debilitating hypoglycemia. This includes people who are in renal failure, where kidney transplantation may be necessary. Improving glycaemic control, reducing severe hypoglycemia, stabilizing glycaemic variability, and restoring awareness of hypoglycemia where it has been compromised are the primary goals of ICT.
Trindade Musskopf*
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The increasing prevalence of diabetes worldwide poses significant challenges to healthcare systems. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), approximately 537 million adults were living with diabetes in 2021, a number projected to rise to 643 million by 2030. This review article examines current trends in the management and treatment of diabetes mellitus, highlighting advancements in pharmacological therapies, lifestyle interventions, and technology Type 1 Diabetes (T1D): An autoimmune condition leading to the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. It typically manifests in childhood or adolescence but can occur at any age. Type 2 Diabetes (T2D): The most common form, characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. T2D is often associated with obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and genetic factors. It typically presents in adults but is increasingly diagnosed in children and adolescents due to rising obesity rates [1]
Heimesaat Nauck*
Diabetic amyotrophy, also known as diabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy, is a rare but debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily affecting older individuals with long-standing diabetes. Characterized by severe pain and progressive muscle weakness, particularly in the proximal lower limbs, diabetic amyotrophy presents significant challenges in both diagnosis and management. This review aims to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying diabetic amyotrophy and to explore effective management strategies for patients suffering from this condition
Amorim RodrÃguez*
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a significant complication of diabetes and a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness in adults. The condition arises from damage to the blood vessels of the retina due to prolonged high blood sugar levels. As the prevalence of diabetes continues to rise globally, understanding the mechanisms and implications of diabetic retinopathy becomes increasingly vital. Early detection and timely intervention can drastically reduce the risk of vision loss, making awareness of screening methods and their importance paramount
Shimai Lampure *
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial health condition characterized by a cluster of risk factors, including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Its increasing prevalence poses significant challenges to public health, necessitating effective management strategies. This review article explores various lifestyle interventions—diet, physical activity, sleep, and stress management—that have been shown to mitigate the risks associated with MetS. By synthesizing current literature, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of these interventions, their effectiveness, and recommendations for clinical practice. Metabolic syndrome affects an estimated 20-25% of the adult population globally, contributing to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and other comorbidities. The syndrome is defined by the presence of at least three of the following criteria: abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, high fasting glucose, and dyslipidemia. The interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors plays a pivotal role in its pathogenesis, making lifestyle interventions a cornerstone of management. Lifestyle changes have been recognized as critical in both the prevention and management of MetS. These interventions can lead to significant improvements in metabolic parameters and overall health, often reducing the need for pharmacological treatments. This article will delve into various lifestyle interventions, analyzing their efficacy and providing insights into practical implementation [
Michael Seong*
Insulin Resistance (IR) is a condition characterized by a reduced response of target tissues to insulin, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis and increased risk of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular diseases, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). This review elucidates the multifaceted mechanisms underlying insulin resistance, discusses its clinical implications, and explores current and emerging therapeutic targets. Insulin resistance is a key pathological feature of several metabolic disorders, particularly T2DM. The condition is defined by the body's diminished ability to respond to insulin, which plays a critical role in glucose uptake and metabolism. Understanding the mechanisms of insulin resistance is vital for developing effective treatments and prevention strategies [1].
Gibbons Nakane*
Gastroparesis, a condition characterized by delayed gastric emptying, is frequently observed in patients with diabetes, particularly those with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies for diabetic gastroparesis. By synthesizing current literature and clinical insights, we aim to enhance the understanding of this complex disorder and its impact on diabetes management. Gastroparesis is a gastrointestinal disorder that impairs the normal motility of the stomach, leading to delayed gastric emptying. In diabetic patients, the condition is often attributed to autonomic neuropathy resulting from chronic hyperglycemia. The prevalence of gastroparesis in diabetes varies, with estimates ranging from 20% to 50% in patients with type 1 diabetes and around 30% in those with type 2 diabetes. This condition significantly affects glycemic control, nutritional status, and overall quality of life. The underlying pathophysiology of diabetic gastroparesis primarily involves damage to the enteric nervous system and autonomic neuropathy. Chronic hyperglycemia leads to neuronal degeneration and impaired gastric motility. Key factors contributing to the development of gastroparesis in diabetic patients include Autonomic Neuropathy Damage to the vagus nerve impairs the regulation of gastric motility. Altered Gastric Secretions Changes in gastric acid and hormone secretion can affect digestion and motility. Gastric Emptying Mechanisms Disruption in the coordinated contractions of gastric muscles results in delayed emptying
Jenio Lenin*
Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, affects millions of people globally. Effective glycemic control is crucial for preventing the long-term complications associated with diabetes, including cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Recent advances in technology have opened new avenues for diabetes management, offering patients innovative tools to monitor and control their blood glucose levels. This review explores emerging technologies aimed at improving glycemic control, including Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM), insulin delivery systems, smartphone applications, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration [1]
Parreira Tan*
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a complex condition characterized by structural and functional cardiac abnormalities in individuals with diabetes, independent of coronary artery disease and hypertension. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying DCM, discuss current diagnostic modalities, and explore emerging treatment strategies. Understanding these facets is crucial for improving patient outcomes and developing targeted therapies. Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder, has emerged as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Among the various complications of diabetes, diabetic cardiomyopathy stands out as a specific form of heart disease that manifests through changes in cardiac structure and function. The prevalence of DCM is escalating with the rising incidence of diabetes worldwide, underscoring the need for comprehensive understanding and management of this condition [
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Journal of Diabetic Complications & Medicine received 102 citations as per Google Scholar report
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