Shilpa Deshpande
Abbott J Haron
Arpita Bhattacharjee
Feng Zhao, Dingning Zhang and Jie Zhang
The distribution of the underground economy in China shows obvious regional differences and has an important impact on the environmental pollution of relevant provinces. The spatial data analysis method is used to study the spatial differences between central and peripheral areas and between developed and backward areas in China’s underground economy, and the degree of provincial environmental pollution has significant spatial dependence. On this basis, the spatial error model and spatial lag model are further used to empirically analyze the impact of the underground economy and its scale on China’s environmental pollution, and the impact degree of underground economic growth on the ecological environment in various provinces of China is discussed. The research results show that there is a negative correlation between the underground economy and environmental pollution in various provinces of China, and the development of and changes in the underground economy and the way it acts on the macroeconomic determine the sustainability of this relationship. In addition, the impact degree of China’s provincial underground economic growth on the ecological environment differs in different regions. The impact of the underground economy on the ecological environment in the eastern and central regions is most significant from the early stage to the middle stage, and the impact of the underground economy on the ecological environment in the western region is most obvious in the middle stage.
Timothy Fry* and Yu Tian
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2021.10.599
First-Price-Sealed-Bid (FPSB) are widely used in both the public and private sectors. In a FPSB procurement common value auction, a seller must first estimate their cost to provide the product requested by the buyer and then determine a bid amount by adding a markup to the cost estimate. This markup must consider desired profits as well as informational uncertainties regarding the cost estimates since actual costs of production are known only after the product is produced. In this paper, we investigate the impact of better cost estimates on firm profitability and bidding strategy in a two- and three-bidder auction. Based on field data from over 1000 procurement auctions, we assume that errors in cost estimation follow a normal distribution. This assumption greatly complicates the analysis such that finding an analytical solution is unlikely. Therefore, using a numerical solution approach, we find the equilibrium solution for each type of seller under a variety of parameter settings. We find that advantaged sellers will be more profitable yet submit more aggressive bids. These results depend on the number of advantaged and disadvantaged sellers competing. Indeed, if there is more than a single advantaged seller competing, they will submit very aggressive bids resulting in profits that may actually decrease as each gets better at estimating costs. Our results provide a clear understanding as to the importance of accurate product cost estimates and extends the research on the effects of cost estimation accuracy in procurement auctions.
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2021.10.602
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2021.10.e108
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2021.10.e107
Rural areas in Kogi State Nigeria are facing neglect with attendant rise in the rates of poverty, unemployment and general underdevelopment thereby aggravating rural-urban migration. The underdevelopment of rural areas in the State calls for modern day innovations that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) offers. This study investigated the impact of ICT on rural development in Kogi State from the perspectives of poverty reduction. The study was based on the neoclassical theory of poverty. Multi-stage sampling method was adopted to select 10 households each from 120 rural communities that were earlier randomly selected from the 21 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the State. This makes a total sample of 1,200 households used in the survey. Three models of regression were estimated in the study using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique. The results show that access to, ownership and utilization of ICT by households have had positive and statistically significant impact on poverty reduction in rural areas of Kogi State at 5% significance level. The study concluded that access, ownership and utilization of ICT have positively impacted the people in rural areas of Kogi State. The study recommended that Kogi State government, Non- Governmental Organizations and individual philanthropists should establish more ICT training centers and Community Internet Service Centers (CISC) in rural areas. Also, rural dwellers in Kogi State should make themselves available for ICT training.
Yacouba Conde* and Zhoulianying
In the machine learning technique, the knowledge graph is advancing swiftly; however, the basic models are not able to grasp all the affluence of the script that comes from the different personal web graphics, social media, ads, and diaries, etc., ignoring the semantic of the basic text identification. The knowledge graph provides a real way to extract structured knowledge from the texts and desire images of neural network, to expedite their semantics examination. In this study, we propose a new hybrid analytic approach for sentiment evaluation based on knowledge graphs, to identify the polarity of sentiment with positive and negative attitudes in short documents, particularly in 4 chirps. We used the tweets graphs, then the similarity of graph highlighted metrics and algorithm classification pertain sentimentality pre-dictions. This technique facilitates the explicability and clarifies the results in the knowledge graph. Also, we compare our differentiate the embedding’s n-gram based on sentiment analysis and the result is indicated that our study can outperform classical n-gram models, with an F1-score of 89% and recall up to 90%.
Charles Orina* and Fred Sporta
The main objective of this study is to determine mobile banking effects on commercial banks’ operational efficiency. The study looked at mobile banking loans concerning commercial banks operational efficiencies in Kenya. The study was guided by the financial deepening theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design targeting 41 commercial banks in Kenya. The study adopted a census survey, using secondary data from Kenya's central bank and the commercial banks' annual financial reports in Kenya. Data on the number of loans and advances issued by the banks. The study covered nine years from 2010-2018. STATA software was used in data analysis, descriptive and statistical inferential. The independent variable was measured against the dependent variable to examine if they affected commercial banks' operational efficiency. Regression equations estimated the relationship between the variables. Hausman test was used to specify the adoption of random effect or fixed effect models in panel data. The Hausman tested and fixed effect model was selected. The diagnostic tests covering heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, multicollinearity, and normality tests were also conducted. The findings were presented using graphs and tables. The results were as follows: Mobile loans (β=0.474, p<0.05). The study concluded that mobile banking loans had a significant effect on commercial banks' operational efficiency in Kenya. The study recommended that commercial banks invest more in mobile loans since it had a positive relationship with commercial banks' operational efficiency in Kenya. The study results would enhance the adoption of more financial innovation in the banking industry that would contribute to the economy's overall grow.
Shelter is one of the main desires of mankind and it is by far very important for the physical survival of man. The adequacy and excellence of housing is a testament to productivity, happiness and satisfaction. However, in Ethiopia, it is very difficult to build a house of your own or buy or even rent one. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to examine the determinants of urban housing choice in the town of Debre Berhan, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. This study shows that socioeconomic and institutional factors are the determinants of urban housing choice. The paper recommends future studies focusing on the challenges and prospects of urban housing. Increase the ability to provide quality and quantity housing at low prices.
Dimitri Sanga, Ehouman Williams Venance Ahouakan* and N’goran Assigno Frejus Adje
Like East and Central African sub-regions, West Africa performs modestly both in terms of productivity and governance. Low labour productivity in West Africa as well as the resulting lack of competitiveness, poverty and insecurity, increases the probability for this sub-region to not achieve the SDGs by 2030. It is therefore necessary to find ways to improve this. This study is part of this perspective. Beyond the traditional determinants of labour productivity, such as, physical capital stock, human capital and technical progress, it examines whether the quality of public policies and the institutional environment are likely to explain the performances recorded in terms of productivity in ECOWAS countries. Relying upon a neoclassical framework of reference, an econometric analysis is used for this purpose. The results confirm that improvement in the quality of public policies and institutions are overall associated with higher levels of productivity in these countries. However, some specificity is observed at the sectorial levels. Furthermore, the econometric analysis highlights a positive effect of investment and human capital on this productivity. The study recommends that the ECOWAS member states should improve their institutional quality and public policies. This could enable them to derive greater benefit from the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area agreement (ACFTA).
This study analyzed whether pattern of fuel use follow the fuel stacking hypothesis and factors that affect household fuel use in Woliso town by using cross-sectional data of 2018 for different sources of energy using the Linear Approximation Almost Ideal Demand System (LAAIDS). An estimate of the model is constrained to comply with neoclassical theoretical restrictions on demand, and the model is estimated using Iterative Seemingly Unrelated Regression (ISUR). The result shows that households do not completely switch to consumption of new energies as the energy ladder hypothesis suggests rather diversify their energy consumption in a process of fuel stacking (energy mix). Additionally, the expenditure elasticity’s of demand for energies are expenditure elastic. Not only this, but also, the cross-price elasticity’s of demand for energy sources indicate that there exist energy substitution and complementarity in the study area. Furthermore, we identified prices of all energy sources (except kerosene), household total energy expenditure, and years of education, family size, and residence type as the main determinants of expenditure share of energy sources. We recommend making modern fuels easily accessible, affecting significant factors of household fuel use, environmental related rules and regulations very essential.
This paper explains how to minimize firm loan credit risk and aims to outline various techniques for doing so effectively. It involves credit risk management theories. In this study a sample of 265 persons who were availed loans and customers of banks was chosen to collect opinions through a structured questionnaire in Bangalore. The factors under study were default loan, credit risk, insurance charges, interest rates, credit score and documentation. The results were finding by using descriptive and correlation analysis. Results showed that a connection exists between towards credit score, insurance charges, default loan and interest rates while availing a business loan. Email conversations with consumers of the target bank are used to perform qualitative research. Based on primary data of interviews; this study recommended that these private sector banks' management learn how to protect themselves from the looming threats of excessive credit risk, the importance of which cannot be overstated, as evidenced by the findings, which can have a detrimental influence on their profitability. The thesis' findings emphasize some challenges that limit the case bank's credit risk management, as well as recommendations for further research on the case bank.
The study is aimed at finding relationship between crude oil price in international market and exchange rate of Indian currency. As Indian economy is import dependent with high degree of inclination to crude oil import, the forex outgo due to this impacts Indian economy. The depreciation of Indian currency due to higher demand of USD and increasing trend of import dependency on crude oil aggravates the fiscal framework. The analysis is desired to find causality and auto regressive relationship between these two variables. The real exchange rate return has been compared in the process with real crude oil price which is found after adjusting it with CPI inflation of US. The Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) model was used to identify lag relationship and subsequently lag length criteria was performed. The lag exclusion test specified the significant lag order. The granger causality and block erogeneity test was subsequently performed and the parameters were found to be block exogenous and not granger causal. This outcome was re-established with the help of variance decomposition test. However, the impulse test signifies impact of crude oil price shock on exchange rate of Indian currency and vice versa. The shock analysis also emphasizes the volatility of the parameters on its own shocks. The outcome concludes neither unidirectional nor bidirectional granger causality of the variables with no significant auto regression of the variances of the parameters. The analysis of impulse test confirms the short run impacts on exchange rate due to shock in the oil prices, henceforth which proves the fact about that demand of oil is elastic in short run, which is observed in most of the oil importing and emerging countries.
Siddharth Sharma* and Goinklavanya Goinka
The report underlined the job and the significance of consumer loyalty and devotion. Clients are the connection to business achievement. A business association should zero in on the countless clients, for this consumer loyalty and faithfulness ought to be joined along with the drawn-out objectives. This postulation was actualized to breaking down the connection between consumer loyalty and client relationship. The goal of this exploration is to consider the idea of consumer loyalty, client faithfulness and its relationship. Besides, this proposition contemplates the components that impact consumer loyalty and dedication. This proposition additionally breaks down the components that have sway on consumer loyalty and result in client devotion. Different strategies that have been generally used to gauge consumer loyalty and the resultant consequences of having steadfast clients are introduced.
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2022.11.645
Gunel Imanova*, Rzayev Ab. G, Asadova Rena Sh and Gurbanov Z.G
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2022.11.644
Using a comprehensive approach, a systematic analysis of studies in the field of heat transfer and temperature distribution along the length of oil production wells along the height of the production casing (PC) and the tubing is given. In these studies, a significant number of analytical solutions were obtained as a result of analytical research on the subject. It is shown that as the temperature decreases along the height of the production casing (PC) and the lifting tubing, the probability of asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD) increases, leading to complications in the oil production well (OBW). In this paper, we propose new mathematical models for determining the temperature distribution (TD) along the height of PC and the lifting tubing, taking into account the geometric gradient and temperature gradient in the liquid and gas layer of PC. A mathematical model and geometrical interpretation of heat transfer processes in the tubing is also proposed. It is shown that TD at the height of the tubing differs significantly from TD along the height of PC. The temperature log (temperature curve) along the PC borehole and the tubing is given.
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2022.11.646
One of the most debated and researched fields in the business world are motivation. Why do people do what they do and how can we motivate others to do what we need them to do in the business place? If we understand how and why people are motivated, we can encourage them to be their best and do their best at work. The more that people are motivated to be successful and achieve the goals set for them, the more their confidence in their own abilities will grow as well, which can, in turn, make them even more motivated. But you can also work on your own confidence and motivation in the workplace in order to achieve your goals and intentions. When people are confident and motivated at work, there are many positive factors that result in the workplace:
• Job satisfaction improves
• Effort increases
• Working environment improves
• Results are the focus
• Drive is created
• Everyone’s full potential can be tapped
• Everyone is certain of the role they are to fulfill
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2022.11.648
The primary operational expense for wastewater treatment is energy. In North America, wastewater treatment facilities use 1-4 percent of the nation's overall energy output, while in Europe, they use about 1 percent. The primary energy users were identified as the aeration equipment connected with biological treatment (58 percent), intake pumping (9 percent), deodorization (8 percent) and sludge treatment equipment in a funded project in the north of Portugal (6 percent). For the survival and expansion of water service organizations as well as for improving management practices, it is crucial to evaluate the efficacy of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Management in a circular economy context entails implementing circular economy business models (CEBMs), which ought to result in more affordable, ecologically friendly and sustainable technology.
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2022.11.647
Changes in policy are inevitable and may occur suddenly. Numerous alterations to individual and organisational decisions are driven by uncertainty. For the purpose of catching recent events or predicting dynamic advancement, political, social, economic, or both rules may be referred to. Uncertainty may occasionally result from dynamism, which can jolt the stock market. When the government announces several policy changes and creates a great deal of uncertainty, it will result in stock market volatility and correlations. The Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) index was created by Baker utilising a variety of variables as a proxy for the uncertainty in changes to economic policy. They discovered that the EPU has a considerable influence on both micro and macroeconomic parameters.
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2023.12.674
The use of the internet for commercial and/or marketing transactions is known as e-commerce. Digitally enabled marketable and/or business deals are the focus of these papers. In India, e-commerce has revolutionized business practices. By 2026, the Indian e-commerce market is expected to reach $200 billion, up from $38.5 billion in 2017. An increase in smartphone and internet usage in recent years has sparked the anticipated growth of the assiduity.
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2023.12.675
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2023.12.676
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2023.12.677
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2023.12.678
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2023.12.679
Policy shifts are inevitable and can strike out of the blue. Uncertainty is the driving force behind numerous modifications to individual and organizational decisions. It is possible to refer to political, social, economic, or both rules in order to catch recent events or anticipate dynamic advancement. The stock market can be shaken by dynamism, which occasionally produces uncertainty. Stock market correlations and volatility will occur when the government announces several policy changes and creates a great deal of uncertainty. Baker developed the Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) index by using a variety of variables as a proxy for the uncertainty of economic policy changes. They discovered that both microeconomic and macroeconomic parameters are significantly influenced by the EPU.
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2023.12.680
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2023.12.681
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2023.12.682
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2023.12.683
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2023.12.698
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2023.12.699
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2023.12.700
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2023.12.701
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2023.12.703
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2023.12.704
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a vital economic indicator that plays a fundamental role in assessing inflation and its impact on the economy. It provides a comprehensive measure of changes in the prices paid by urban consumers for a wide range of goods and services over time. This index not only helps policymakers make informed decisions but also guides individuals, businesses, and investors in understanding and navigating the complex world of inflation. In this comprehensive exploration, we will delve deep into the Consumer Price Index, its history, calculation methods, significance, and its relevance in the year 2023.
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2023.12.705
Business analytics, the practice of collecting, processing, and analysing data to inform decision-making, has undergone a remarkable evolution over the decades. From its early roots in data warehousing and business intelligence, it has evolved into a sophisticated field powered by artificial intelligence and machine learning. This article explores the evolution, components, benefits, and challenges of business analytics. It delves into its pivotal role in modern decision-making across various industries, discussing real-world applications and the ethical considerations that must be addressed. The case study of Netflix illustrates the transformative power of analytics, and the article concludes by emphasizing the need for responsible data-driven decision-making as business analytics continues to shape the future of business.
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2023.12.706
This comprehensive exploration of economic growth theories provides a deep understanding of the evolving concepts and principles that underpin sustained economic development. Beginning with classical ideas like mercantilism and physio racy, the journey extends through neoclassical, endogenous, and modern growth theories, offering insights into their strengths, limitations, and real-world policy implications. The analysis underscores the importance of considering a blend of these theories to formulate effective growth strategies that address contemporary challenges while fostering long-term prosperity.
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2023.12.707
The global economy is marked by its perpetual ebb and flow, experiencing periods of growth and prosperity followed by inevitable downturns. Understanding the complexities of economic downturns is paramount for governments, businesses, and individuals alike. This paper delves into the multifaceted nature of economic turbulence, exploring the various factors that contribute to downturns, their repercussions on different sectors, and the strategies to mitigate their impact. By examining historical precedents, economic theories, and contemporary case studies, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the intricacies surrounding economic downturns. This knowledge will enable stakeholders to make informed decisions and develop resilient strategies to navigate the uncertainties of the economic landscape.
DOI: 10.37421/2162-6359.2023.12.702
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