Muhammad Irfan Mughal
Agricultural practices have fed humans for tens of thousands of years and various crops have been cultivated but the ever increasing world population demands more crop yields. Precision agriculture has given a new meaning to cultivating crops and livestock in farming. Site-specific crop management is a precision agriculture method, which utilizes differential management approach by monitoring and recording variability in crop fields. This approach is basically about applying the right farm input in right amount to right site at the right time. Sensors, Geo-spatial technologies and variable rate applications are the common static digital technologies employed in site-specific crop management, which are termed as traditional technologies in this work. Traditional technologies have enabled automation in crop management. In recent decades, smart technologies like artificial intelligence, internet of things and other smart technologies are greatly researched and employed in crop management for making it autonomous and intelligent. In this review, a study of traditional technologies’ existing trends and practices in site-specific crop management is conducted. Different experimental setups, trends, advantages and drawbacks of emerging smart technologies are investigated. It was observed that AI and IoT are the leading smart technologies in site-specific crop management. Furthermore, challenges in adopting smart technologies are discussed. It was concluded that emerging smart technologies rely on smart data and specific frameworks are needed for smart data collection and sharing with other stakeholders of the agro value chain for improving food production and security.
Hamid Rahim*
The motive of Vehicle to Grid (V2G) is to optimize the way we produce, transport, and use electricity by turning electric cars into virtual power plants. According to this concept, we can maintain the stability of our power system by using Vehicle to Grid implementation. V2G offers many advantages like real power and reactive power compensation, load control, filter current harmonics, etc. Wind, grid, and PV system also need batteries for storage purposes. Grid uses batteries power during peak hours and transients. Electric vehicles have a battery bank that can be used for this purpose. For V2G applications battery of the electric vehicle should be highly efficient, must be having deep cycling capability, high energy density and a longer life. A set of challenges, benefits, power-flow methods, and charging-discharging techniques are discussed in this paper. This review article briefly explains and compares the control of different topologies adopted for V2G and G2V scheme. Additionally, our research shows that Vehicle to Grid application is advantageous only if efficient battery chargingdischarging techniques are used. Index Terms—Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G); Bi-directional converter; Single-Stage Converter; Electric vehicle; DC-DC converter ;DC-AC converters; Unidirectional & Bidirectional power flow; Battery storage systems
DOI: 10.37421/2332-0796.2023.12.59
DOI: 10.37421/2332-0796.2023.12.60
It is commonly accepted that designing Single Tuned Passive Filters (STPFs) is an optimization problem. By choosing the best passive filter, this work seeks to enhance the power quality of an actual distribution system in Tala city as a part of Egyptian network. Although the distribution feeder already has a passive filter, there are still some power quality problems. By using Jelly Fish Optimization Technique (JFOT) and Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA) to improve the placement and size of the low pass harmonic filter, this paper intends to cut overall power loss and reduce the influence of total harmonic distortion. The suggested filters' cost, real power losses, Total Harmonic Distortion ("THD"), and Individual Harmonic Distortion ("IHD") are optimized using single and multi-objective functions, respectively. Inequality constraints are used to establish upper and lower limits for filter parameters, quality factor, voltage, and harmonic distortion. The power balance constraint on equality will be applied. The results indicate that an optimally designed of STPF can successfully reduce high order harmonics and enhance system performance of STPF under various operating conditions to consistently follow to the established IEEE 519 standards'.
Amel Zerigui*, Louis A Dessaint, Innocent Kamwa and Wassil Alaouni
DOI: 10.37421/2332-0796.2023.12.46
Transient Stability Constrained Optimal Power Flow (TSCOPF) is an important tool for power system planning and operation. It is a big challenge in the field of power systems because of its high complexity and extensive computation effort involved in its solution. This paper presents a new approach to compute the transient stability constraint formulated by the Critical Clearing Time (CCT) in TSC-OPF. CCT has been determined by Dual-Kriging, a space interpolation method which has primarily been used in natural resources evaluation. Given the huge dimensionality of the problem, Pareto analysis is firstly used to reduce the number of input variables in an initial database to those which are significant to compute CCT. With the reduced variables, a new database has been constructed using a design of experiment to obtain a reduced number of observed points. As a result of this approach, the sets of dynamic and transient stability constraints to be considered in the optimization process are reduced to one single stability constraint with only a few variables. Finally, the size of the resulting optimization problem is almost similar to that of a conventional OPF. In the new approach, there is no limitation for the machine model. The effectiveness of the proposed method is tested on the New England 10-machine 39-bus system by using detailed model and the larger power system 50-machine 145-bus power system.
Xiao Quan Mao and Zhi Ping Zheng
Objective: To investigate the optimal DC voltage that titanium morphology was created with micro arc oxidation. Methods: The titanium was cut into 10 mm, 10 mm, 1 mm and they were grind and polished respectively. DC voltage that treated titanium was used single variable control: 200V, 250V, 300V, 350V, 400V, 450V; treatment time: 5S; the treatment temperature was less than 40?, Electric current and other conditions were same Results: The morphology on titanium surface was multipore structure, and the pore size was different after titanium treated with micro arc oxidation. The average pore size of MAO250V, MAO300V and MAO350V groups were bigger than 1 μm, MAO200V, MAO400V and MAO450V groups were less than 1 μm, the porosity was 17.4% at MAO200V group, 37% at MAO250V, MAO300V and MAO350V groups, 25.2%, 20.7% at MAO400V and MAO450V group; thickness was from 0.63 μm at MAO200V to 6.87 μm at MAO450V group. There was significant between the groups in the pore size and thickness Conclusion: Morphology could meet the needs of clinic at 250-350V DC voltage.
H Senal Perera, J Rohan Lucas*
Generation of power from Solar PV inherently possesses a set of reliability issues. These issues are magnified with increasing penetration, and mitigation provides increased compatibility, especially for power systems with lower inertia. This paper addresses the intermittency issues. It provides and sustains a more deterministic output obtained by a quantized prediction input utilizing a demand response system. Utilization of the proposed method would allow Solar PV to be considered semi-dispatchable when connected to the grid. It would add virtual inertia, as well as improving the ability to safely operate in stand-alone mode. An algorithm is incorporated as an alert system in a ‘worst case scenario’ as a safety measure in the rare case of not being able to meet commitment. The financial impact due to the addition of the device has been evaluated and the levelized cost of generation is shown to be 16.5 LKR/kWh. For rooftop solar, the cost- benefit ratio is shown to be above 1.3 after implementation. A battery sized at 2.7% of rated daily energy (1.5 Ah for a system operating at 450 V) is shown to be sufficient for a PV system generating a daily peak energy of 25 kWh to effectively convert Solar PV into a semi-dispatchable source. This allows special benefits from the utility service provider, which increases the feasibility of the incorporation.
Muhammad Imran Akbar, Madiha Chaudhary and Rida Rasheed
The ever increasing demand for electricity and the shortcomings of finite sources is making the world to move towards renewable energy sources. In this report, the detailed analysis of the system comprising of single phase photovoltaic grid-tie inverter with net metering is deliberated. To inject solar generated waveform into the grid, one has to synchronize both waveforms of solar output and utility grid. The electronic device which synchronizes two waveforms of different power resources is called grid-tie inverter. Net meter senses the current from both sides i.e. from grid and inverter and gives a display of either the power is drawn from the grid or it is injected into the grid. The whole circuit was simulated at first then it was successfully implemented as a prototype.
DOI: 10.37421/2332-0796.2023.12.57
DOI: 10.37421/2332-0796.2023.12.58
Michel Hecquet*, G. Despret, T. J. Dos Santos Moraes, H. Zahr, J. Korecki and B. Mohamodhosen
DOI: 10.37421/2332-0796.2023.12.46
This paper studies the electromagnetic noise behaviour of a 5 phase interior permanent magnet machine with fractional slot concentrated winding designed. A numerical model is used for analysing the torque characteristics and electromagnetic forces. The vibroacoustics and mechanical resonance of the model are then investigated analytically. The purpose of both analyses is to identify the source of electromagnetic noise within the machine. A sonogram is also carried out on the existing prototype to correlate it with the numerical results. Finally, the choice of the appropriate method to attenuate noise for this case study is elaborated.
DOI: 10.37421/2332-0796.2023.12.48
The electric grid is the largest and most complex machine ever built. It's an amazing feat of engineering providing reliable, safe and on-demand power. This grid is built on 20th century technology with large, centralized generation, mostly fossil fuel-based and only a few points of control. There’s an urgent call to transition off of fossil fuels in order to prevent the worst effects of climate change. Clean power generation like wind, solar and hydro play vital role in facing the mentioned challenge. This hardware is not on its own enough to replace fossil fuels while maintaining our current standard of on-demand and reliable power.
Hamid Asghari* and Farzad Javanmardi
DOI: 10.37421/2332-0796.2023.12.47
The purpose of the present study is to introduce a new controller for wind turbines aiming at improving the quantity and quality of productivity power. The energy market is a competitive market in which producing electricity in wind power plants provides users with novel advantages than its production in fossil fuel power plants. Among the advantages of wind power plants is that during their lifespan, they produce fuel without any cost. Although the cost of other sources of energy production increases within years. Using wind power to produce electricity, especially multi-megawatt capacities, is the only economical method than other production methods based on recyclable energies (solar, biomass, geothermal, waves and fuel cell). It is necessary to mention that an increasing proportion of recyclable energies in the production of electrical power is among the midterm and long term strategic policies of many countries. Wind power has increased and due to various reasons attracted the public’s attention apart from its new competitive costs. Wind turbines can produce real energy and megawatt which are useful in the enhancement of transportation performance and confirmation of useful voltage. The nature of what is distributed through wind makes generators closer to consuming centers and removes losses of energy transportation.
Journal of Electrical & Electronic Systems received 733 citations as per Google Scholar report
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