Abubakar Mohammed Ndagi*, Umar Bayero, Adesakin TaiwoAdekanmi, Yusuf Abdullateef, Ibrahim K.A and Sakan M.S
Pesticides usage in agricultural fields to control pests could be extremely toxic to non-target organisms like fish and affects fish health through impairment of metabolism, sometimes leading to mortality. The present study was carried out to assess the presence of organochlorine pesticide residues in sediment samples and Oreochromis niloticus obtained from River Galma. Soxhlet extraction process was employed for fish while sediment extraction was done using a mixture of n-hexane and acetone. The extracts were cleaned-up and analyzed using a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC-MS). DDT, Mirex, Pentachlorophenol, Malathion, Chlordane and TNT were detected in the study area. Endrin, aldrin, dieldrin, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, alpha BHC and heptachlor were not detected in all the samples analyzed. Chlordane was the only detected pesticide in fish sample during wet season. The findings provide evidence of pollution of some of the organochlorine pesticide residues in River Galma. This shows that the River Galma is contaminated with organochlorine pesticides. Hence, serious need for continuous monitoring of these pesticide residues in water, sediments, fish and the environment is required in order to prevent various environmental and public health hazards that may arise from these pollutants.
Rooth Williams
Boded Hanya Ryavaso
Boded Hanya Ryavaso
Pradip Kumar Saini*, Shambhoo Prasad and Jitender Bhati
A review has been made of current knowledge, published and unpublished, relating to cadmium toxicity. Cadmium is a heavy metal that occurs as a natural constituent in earth crust along with Copper, Lead, Nickel and Zinc. Cadmium is vastly used in batteries, coating, plating, alloys etc in various industries. Human are commonly exposed to cadmium by inhalation and ingestion. Cadmium enters in air and binds to small particles where it can combine with water or soil causing contamination of fish, plants and animal in mono form. Spills at hazardous waste sites and improper waste disposal can cause cadmium leakage in nearby habitats. Foodstuff like liver, mushroom, shellfish, mussels, cooca power and dried seaweeds are cadmium rich increasing the concentration in human body and in food chain lead to acute and chronic intoxication due to bio magnification. Health effects include diarrhea, stomach pain, bone fracture, reproductive failure and possibly even infertility, damage to central nervous system, psychological disorders. The organic matter in soil absorbs cadmium increasing the risk of survival of various plants and also increase uptake of toxin metal in food. The review is about the study of toxicity mechanism of cadmium in human beings and plants and biological phenomena involved.
Eugene Sebastian J Nidiry*
Thirty-two extractives of seven plants obtained using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol were tested for their in vitro antifungal activity against the mycelial growth of
Tayaba Mohsin*
Lead is one of the most abundant naturally occurring heavy metal. When it is in low concentration it is beneficial for the physiological and biochemical activities in living organisms, however when its concentration exceed up to a certain limit it cause the serious health problems. It is non-biodegradable poisonous metal, today it has become a global health issue. There is almost no function in the human body which is not affected by the lead toxicity. Developing countries use the lead for their beneficial purposes and it became a common environmental pollutant. However in developed countries the people take preventative measure and apply the management strategies to control the lead toxicity up to a certain limit. Lead is highly persistent in the environment and its continuous use raise the level of lead in every country, cause the serious threats such as carcinogenicity, renal failure, high blood pressure, brain damage, hematological effects, reproductive system damage both in men and women, heart diseases, bone screening, liver damage etc. The effect of lead can be decreased by the number of techniques used today such as chelatin therapy and different types of medications.
Alec Sithole*, Jones Mutua and Gwen Lack
Radioactive iodine (I-131) is one of the radionuclide byproducts of uranium and plutonium fission or neutron capture by Tellarium-130. I-131 decays to Xenon and releases β-particles and γ-radiation. Due to its release of IR during nuclear decay, I-131 is a potent radioactive hazard to public health. In this study, I-131 data from the EPA database, measured from drinking water and pasteurized dairy milk in the U.S. Midwest, were analyzed using non-parametric trend test and change-point detection techniques. We perform the Gaussian Kernel (G-K) smoothing to separate long-trends from the random noise in the data. The Mann-Kendall (M-K) rank correlation and Theil-Sen’s (T-S) tests indicated the existence of positive trends on the data. Furthermore, the Pettitt's Homogeneity (P-H) tests revealed statistically significant increases (α=0.05, p?0.0001) in I-131 radiation levels between the periods 1978-1983 and 1984-1990 in pasteurized dairy milk. With regards to drinking water, we noted significant increases between 1978-1995 and 1995-2017. We recommend further studies to determine the possible factors contributing to the periodicities in the data.
DOI: 10.37421/2161-0525.2023.13.717
Environmental & Analytical Toxicology received 6818 citations as per Google Scholar report
Spanish 
Chinese 
Russian 
German 
French 
Japanese 
Portuguese 
Hindi 