DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.11.100051
China's breastfeeding standards are still not up to par, yet regional variations still exist. Disaggregated statistics for certain provinces, however, are scarce. The prevalence of breastfeeding and the variables influencing breastfeeding habits in Shanghai were assessed by this representative survey. The questionnaire was created in accordance with the World Health Organization's and indicators for evaluating baby and young child feeding practises A total of kids under the age of two were looked into, and of these were under six months old. The percentage of early breastfeeding start was 60.3%. of infants less than six months were solely breastfed The results of the univariate regression analysis demonstrated that a variety of variables, including individual, socioeconomic, and occupational ones, had an impact on the EBF rate.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.11.100052
Some nations in the Gulf of Arabia, notably Saudi Arabia, have a poor understanding of the contraceptive usage profile. The current study sought to evaluate women of reproductive age's knowledge, attitudes, and practises about the use of contraceptives in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. 450 women were chosen at random for an observational, analytical cross-sectional research in the city of Jazan. The information was gathered through inperson interviews with women using a questionnaire that asked about the women's knowledge of contraceptive techniques, attitudes about those methods, and habits. The SPSS application was used to analyse the data using descriptive and inferential statistics methods. The application was used to analyse the data using descriptive and inferential statistics methods. According to age group, employment position, the number of children ever born, and the total number of pregnancies, the proportion of ever used contraceptives was substantially different .On the other hand, a substantial percentage of people reported wanting to take contraceptives in the future. It varied considerably by age group and employment level. Pills and intrauterine devices were the most well-known and practical forms of contraception of those who were asked why they used contraceptives noted spacing out children and stated enhancing children's health.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.11.100053
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.11.100054
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.11.100055
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2024.12.149
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DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2024.12.137
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming precision medical diagnosis by leveraging computational algorithms to analyze vast datasets and improve diagnostic accuracy. This paper explores the pivotal role of AI in enhancing medical diagnostics, its applications across various specialties, and the implications for healthcare delivery. Key AI techniques discussed include machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing, highlighting their integration into clinical decision-making processes. This review underscores AI's potential to revolutionize personalized medicine through tailored treatment strategies and improved patient outcomes.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2024.12.138
Modern medical diagnostics face a dynamic landscape shaped by technological advancements, evolving healthcare needs, and socioeconomic factors. This paper explores the challenges and opportunities inherent in contemporary diagnostic practices, highlighting key areas such as technological innovation, diagnostic accuracy, accessibility, and ethical considerations. By examining current trends and future prospects, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complexities and potential breakthroughs in modern medical diagnostics.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2024.12.139
Diagnostic imaging techniques are indispensable tools in modern medicine, providing clinicians with non-invasive insights into anatomical structures, physiological processes and pathological conditions. This comprehensive review explores the evolution, applications, advancements, and challenges of diagnostic imaging modalities. Key techniques covered include X-ray, Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and nuclear medicine imaging. By examining the strengths, limitations, and future directions of each modality, this paper aims to provide a thorough understanding of their roles in clinical practice and their impact on patient care.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2024.12.140
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DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.106
Research and development in healthcare plays a crucial role in advancing medical innovations and improving the quality of life for individuals across the globe. By fostering scientific discovery and technological advancements, R&D initiatives contribute to the development of new treatments, diagnostic tools, and preventive strategies, ultimately addressing the pressing healthcare challenges faced by society. This article explores the significance of research and development in healthcare, highlighting its impact on advancing innovations for better lives.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.107
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.108
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.109
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.110
"The Power of Prevention: Promoting Healthy Lifestyles for Public Health" explores the pivotal role that preventive measures and the promotion of healthy lifestyles play in enhancing public health outcomes. This article delves into the multifaceted aspects of prevention, emphasizing its impact on reducing the burden of diseases, improving overall well-being, and contributing to the creation of healthier communities.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.111
The Vital Role of Community Health Workers in Promoting Public Health Equity" underscores the pivotal contribution of Community Health
Workers (CHWs) in addressing health disparities and fostering equitable access to healthcare. This article explores the multifaceted responsibilities
of CHWs, emphasizing their unique ability to bridge gaps, build trust, and advocate for improved health outcomes in underserved communities.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.112
Emerging Infectious Diseases: A Constant Challenge for Public Health" explores the dynamic landscape of infectious diseases that pose on-going threats to global health. In an interconnected world, the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases present significant challenges for public health systems. This article delves into the factors contributing to the rise of these diseases, the impact on populations, and the strategies employed by public health agencies to mitigate their spread.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.113
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.114
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.115
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100088
Research and development in healthcare plays a crucial role in advancing medical innovations and improving the quality of life for individuals across the globe. By fostering scientific discovery and technological advancements, R&D initiatives contribute to the development of new treatments, diagnostic tools, and preventive strategies, ultimately addressing the pressing healthcare challenges faced by society. This article explores the significance of research and development in healthHwhaibi, Konira.care, highlighting its impact on advancing innovations for better lives.
Ngonidzashe Mutanana*, Maria Tsvere and Manase Kudzai Chiweshe
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100086
The main objective of this paper was to evaluate theories that support indigenous practices of epilepsy management in Africa. The authors reviewed literature related to the following theories; the Health Belief Model (HBM), the agency approach, the Technological Acceptance Model (TAM) and the sustainable livelihoods theories. The authors concluded that these theories help to understand why some individuals in Africa opt to use traditional medicines when western medicines are available at hospital centres. For instance, the behaviour of an individual is determined by a number of health threats and beliefs that he/she possesses about his/her well-being as well as the effectiveness and outcomes of particular behaviours or actions. The capability or ability of that same individual is affected by his or her cognitive belief structure that is formulated through his or her experiences and perceptions that are held by the society. The acceptance and the increasing utilisation of indigenous technological innovations in the health care sector are not only crucial, but are beneficial to both the healthcare professionals and patients during their diagnosis and the treatment processes. Culture plays many roles in the sustainable framework. As such, these theories assist in understanding the knowledge gap that exists on traditional medicines in epilepsy management.
Sreekumar Balakrishna Pillai*, K. R. Murugan and Prabhu Balakrishna
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100087
The period of adolescence is peculiar with the loss of identity as a child and the non-acceptance as an adult in social parlance. Thus, those at the cross road of life may be lured to the dark side of life by peer pressure and lack of parental support. The ICDS programme component include the adolescent girl care, covering health and developmental support. The Health Education (HE) sessions conducted at the anganwadi is thus a ray of hope to the adolescent girls in leading a healthy life in all its perspectives. The present study conducted among the Adolescent Girls (AGs) of the four southern districts of Kerala is an effort to bring out the facts about the health education sessions on reproductive health aspects of adolescent health through anganwadies and how the adolescent girls look at it.
Materials and methods: Using a structured interview schedule, data collected from 648 adolescent girls of 16 anganwadies selected from 8 ICDS projects of four southern districts namely Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Pathanamthitta and Alappuzha. Two projects each from the four districts were randomly selected at the first stage. Thus, two Anganwadies (AWs) each from these 8 projects were randomly selected. The data collected from 16 AWs were entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS ver. 2016.
Results: Nearly 80% of the respondents know their anganwadi worker by name and she is the most accepted source of information. Age at menarche is coming down. The study revealed that 58.97% of the sexually experienced adolescent girls had not regularly attended health education sessions. Knowledge on health issues related to premarital sexual relations is fairly good among AGs. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common health problem among adolescent girls. Space constrains at the AWs and lack of proper information about the sessions are the important reasons for poor participation of AGs in HE sessions. Nearly 50% of the AGs suggest privacy in the sessions and changes in instructional pattern. It was found that nearly 50% of the sexually exposed AGs are not aware of the health issues associated with premarital sexual relations, suggesting that those AGs were lured or coaxed into sexual relation by the predators. This suggests that an all-round effort to boost the health education sessions to AGs through AWs by improving quality, content and instructional methodology is the need of the hour.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100089
In the world of medicine, the approach to patient care has undergone a remarkable evolution over the years. From a one-size-fits-all model, the healthcare industry has gradually transitioned towards a more personalized approach known as personalized medicine. This paradigm shift represents a revolutionary advancement that seeks to tailor diagnoses and treatment plans to the individual characteristics of each patient. By harnessing the power of genomics, molecular biology, and advanced data analytics, personalized medicine holds the promise of transforming healthcare by optimizing treatment efficacy, minimizing adverse effects, and ultimately improving health outcomes.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100090
Medicine, accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial for effective patient management and treatment planning. Precision imaging techniques have revolutionized medical diagnosis, providing healthcare professionals with detailed insights into the human body's structure and function. From capturing anatomical details to identifying pathological changes, precision imaging plays a pivotal role in modern medical practice. This article delves into the world of precision imaging, exploring its applications from the examination of anatomical structures to the detection of pathological conditions.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100091
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100092
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100093
The early stages of life, from conception to childhood, lay the foundation for an individual's lifelong health and well-being. "Caring Beginnings" encapsulates the philosophy and approach that focuses on promoting optimal health in women and children during these crucial periods. This comprehensive strategy recognizes the interconnectedness of maternal health, fetal development, and childhood growth, aiming to create a continuum of care that ensures the best possible outcomes for both mothers and their offspring. Maternal health is a cornerstone of Caring Beginnings, as it forms the basis for a healthy pregnancy and sets the stage for the future health of the child. Ensuring the well-being of expectant mothers involves comprehensive prenatal care, proper nutrition, access to healthcare facilities, and emotional support. Addressing maternal health involves identifying and mitigating risk factors, such as chronic medical conditions, genetic predispositions, and socioeconomic0020 challenges that can impact both the mother and the developing fetus. Scientific research has shown that maternal health has a profound impact on the developing fetus
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100094
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100095
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100076
This systematic review aims to synthesize research on the impact of Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) on healthcare systems, personal health records, and data security. Employing rigorous research methodology, the review assesses the effectiveness of FHIR in enhancing healthcare interoperability, promoting patient engagement, and evaluating data security measures. The study conducts a comprehensive analysis of primary and secondary sources while adhering to core standards and principles. The findings derived from this review contribute to a better understanding of FHIR's potential benefits and limitations, ultimately guiding decision-makers and stakeholders in the healthcare industry to make informed choices. By examining FHIR's role in improving patient care and health data exchange, this review addresses the growing demand for efficient, secure, and interoperable solutions within the healthcare sector.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100077
Advancing world, research plays a crucial role in transforming health and driving development. It serves as the foundation for medical breakthroughs, policy formulation, and evidence-based decision-making. Research, particularly in the field of health, empowers scientists, healthcare professionals, policymakers, and society as a whole to understand diseases, develop innovative treatments, and improve overall well-being. This article explores the power of research and its impact on health development, highlighting the contributions of Google Scholar as a valuable tool for accessing scholarly resources. Throughout this discussion, various examples and references from Google Scholar will be provided to support the claims made.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100078
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100079
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100080
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100081
The field of healthcare has witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years, owing to the persistent efforts of researchers and the continuous cycle of innovation and development. Research and development plays a crucial role in transforming ideas into tangible solutions that improve health outcomes, enhance patient care, and address the complex challenges faced by healthcare systems worldwide. This article aims to explore the journey of in health, highlighting the key steps involved and the significance of this process in advancing medical knowledge and technologies. By drawing on various Google Scholar references, we will delve into the impact of research and development in healthcare and the ways it has revolutionized the field.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100082
Research and Development (R&D) plays a pivotal role in transforming innovative ideas into tangible realities, especially in the field of health. Through rigorous scientific exploration and experimentation, researchers and scientists strive to enhance medical knowledge, develop novel treatments, improve diagnostics, and ultimately revolutionize healthcare systems worldwide. This article delves into the fascinating journey of R&D in health, exploring its significance, key stages, challenges, and the profound impact it has on society. Research and Development in health are fundamental for advancing medical knowledge and addressing global health challenges. R&D initiatives contribute to the development of groundbreaking therapies, vaccines, medical devices, and diagnostic tools, leading to improved patient outcomes and enhanced quality of life. It provides a platform for scientific collaboration, innovation, and the dissemination of knowledge that paves the way for future discoveries. By investing in R&D, nations foster economic growth, attract talent, and gain a competitive edge in the global healthcare market.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100083
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100084
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100085
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100066
Life-quality tests are the reason for surveying the state of oncological patients. They make it possible to get valuable information from patients about not only the symptoms of the disease and the side effects of treatment, but also how their mental, social, and spiritual well-being is being assessed. The well-being of patients, their families, and caregivers, as well as satisfaction with interdisciplinary and holistic oncological care, all benefit from taking into account the patient's assessment of their quality of life as the disease progresses.For the purpose of evaluating the quality of life of cancer patients participating in the study, a population-based, multi-area cross-sectional study was carried out. The study used a clinical interview as its method. Quality of Life Questionnaire, the Carnovsky Performance Status, our own symptom checklist, the Edmonton Symptom Assessment, and the Visual Analogue Scale were used to assess quality of life. Results: After applying the Karnofsky fitness index to the subjective fitness assessment, it was demonstrated that of patients reported being able to engage in routine physical activity. Patients had the most severe issues with self-care in the profile, quality of life, and psychometric properties assessment, percent and feeling restless and discouraged Patients' quality of life is unquestionably negatively impacted by cancer, which is influenced by the course of the disease, the treatment they receive, and how long the condition lasts.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100067
When evaluating a patient's overall health and planning their care and treatment, mental health is frequently overlooked. The point of this study was to survey nervousness, melancholy, sadness, personal satisfaction, and the impression of vilification in a huge companion of patients with persistent liver sickness of various etiology and seriousness, as well as to distinguish indicators related with psychological wellness problems. A survey utilizing the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Major Depression Inventory was completed by 340 patients. The Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire and the European Quality-of-Life visual analogue scale were used to assess quality of life. To evaluate belittling, approved inquiries from the Danish Cross country Study of Patient Encounters were utilized. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine predictors of anxiety, hopelessness, and depression. 15% of patients experienced moderate to severe anxiety, 3% experienced moderate to pronounced hopelessness, and 8% experienced moderate to severe depression. Patients with cirrhosis had the highest prevalence of all three and a lower quality of life. More patients with cirrhosis than with liver disease without cirrhosis perceived stigmatization, which affected their self-perception. Additionally, more than one third of the patients chose not to tell others about their liver disease. The findings emphasize the need for increased awareness of mental health issues and the prevention of liver disease patients from being discriminated against.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100068
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100069
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100070
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100071
Health education interventions are essential in promoting healthy lifestyle behaviours among individuals, groups, and communities. Health education interventions are a systematic process of empowering individuals and communities to take control of their health by providing them with the necessary information, skills, and motivation to make informed decisions about their health behaviors. Healthy lifestyle behaviors such as physical activity, healthy eating and avoiding risky behaviors can have a significant impact on an individual's health outcomes. In this essay, we will explore the impact of health education interventions on promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors and discuss some of the research evidence that supports their effectiveness.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100072
Mobile health or mHealth, interventions involve the use of mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, to deliver health education messages and promote healthy behaviours. mHealth interventions have the potential to reach large populations, including underserved and hard-to-reach populations, and can be tailored to meet individual needs and preferences. Examples of mHealth interventions include text messaging campaigns, mobile apps, and mobile websites. Health education is a critical component of public health efforts to improve health outcomes and reduce the burden of chronic diseases. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using innovative approaches and technologies to deliver health education interventions. These approaches have the potential to enhance the effectiveness, efficiency, and scalability of health education interventions. This review provides an overview of emerging trends and technologies in health education and their potential impact on promoting healthy behaviours and improving health outcomes.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100073
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100074
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100075
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100061
Regional differences continue to occur, but China's breastfeeding regulations are still not up to scratch. Nevertheless, there aren't many disaggregated statistics available for several provinces. With the use of a representative survey, the prevalence of breastfeeding and the factors affecting breastfeeding practises in Shanghai were evaluated. According on the World Health Organization's parameters for assessing infant and early child feeding practises, the questionnaire was developed. A total of two year olds and younger were investigated, and among them were infants less than six months 60.3% of infants less than six months were exclusively breastfed, according to the statistics. According to the findings of the univariate regression analysis, the rate was influenced by a number of factors, including those related to an individual's characteristics, their socioeconomic situation, and their career.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100062
Saudi Arabia is one country in the Gulf of Arabia that has a poor grasp of the contraceptive usage profile. In Jazan, Saudi Arabia, the current study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practises of women of reproductive age about the use of contraceptives. For an observational, analytical cross-sectional study in the city of Jazan, 450 women were recruited at random. The data were acquired through in-person interviews with women using a questionnaire that inquired about the women's opinions, practises, and understanding of contraceptive methods. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics techniques using the SPSS programme. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical approaches utilising the programme. Depending on the age group, occupation, and number of children. ever born, the total number of pregnancies, and the percentage of women who had ever used birth control were all significantly different. On the other hand, a sizable portion of respondents stated that they would like to use contraception in the future. By age group and degree of work, there were significant differences. When asked why they used contraceptives, those who said that they did so to space out their children and improve the health of their offspring cited pills and intrauterine devices as the most popular and practical methods of contraception.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100063
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100064
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100065
Nisha Thapa, Suvechhya Dewan and Pooja Gauro
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2023.11.100096
Introduction: Adolescents are considered one of the essential assets in any culture. Parental styles have a significant effect on the growth of teenagers. In general, parents are the primary and most critical socializing agent of children and parents play a significant role in defining an individual's personality.
Aim: This study was designed to assess the relationship between the perception of parenting style and self-esteem and the association of self-esteem with the selected demographic variables.
Materials and methods: It is a correlational study in which a disproportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to select 240 adolescents between 13 and 17 years studying in 8th, 9th and 10th standards from two different schools. Data was collected using J. Buri's parenting style questionnaire and Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, where both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.
Results: The most preferred parenting style reported was authoritative (Mother: 77.13%, Father: 74.32%) and more than half, 67.8%, of the students had average self-esteem. There is a correlation between parenting style and self-esteem with mother r=0.2643, father: r=0.3102. The educational status and gender of the students were found to be significantly associated with the level of self-esteem.
Conclusion: The majority of the parents follow an authoritative parenting style and there is a positive correlation between the authoritative parenting style and self-esteem.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.12.100056
The Since the Human Microbiome Project was founded, more and more proof of the microbiome's influence on human health and illness has come to light. Prostate cancer, which is still the second most common male malignancy globally, may be affected significantly by changes in the microbiota makeup, according to recent studies. Research on the gut, urinary, and intra-prostate microbiome signature and the relationship with local and systemic inflammation, host immunity response, and progression has been made possible by recent advances in biological technologies, such as high-throughput sequencing, transcriptomics, and metabolomics. Numerous microbial species and their metabolites promote resurgence by increasing tumor-promoting inflammation and defective immunosurveillance or by causing genotoxin-mediated mutagenesis. However, the effect of the microbiome on growth, development, and treatment response is complicated and requires.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.12.100057
The hereditary disorder known as androgenic alopecia is brought on by the dermal papilla's gradual shrinkage. The hair follicle becomes increasingly malnourished throughout this process and finally perishes, resulting in gradual hair loss. Recently, we mentioned that modulation could stop hair loss. Here, using a monocentric blinded clinical experiment with participants and once-daily application of hair restoration technology to the scalp, we hope to show the beneficial effects of Tomorrowlabs HIF strengthening factor hair restoration technology on hair biology. Macro images of the head, Trichinosis evaluation of hair density, and the percentage of anagen hair were all used to evaluate the venerability and effectiveness of the testing, which also included dermatological evaluation, counting the amount of hair lost.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.12.100058
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.12.100059
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.12.100060
Cajetan Ikechukwu ILO1*, Omaka-Amari1, Lois Nnenna1, Ignatius Obilor Nwimo1 and Chinagorom Onwunaka2
Background Breast cancer mortality rate is increasing among women in developing countries a condition that might be brought about by lack of knowledge of fundamental elements necessary for cancer prevention. Purpose To ascertain level of breast cancer knowledge across some socio-demographic variables among women in Ebonyi State Nigeria Method A total sample of 1,845 women was used for the study selected through multistage sampling technique. A 40- items questionnaire eliciting answers on knowledge of cancer symptoms, risk factors, prevention methods and cancer treatment options was used for the study. Descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage were used to answer the research question while Chi-square statistic was used to test the hypotheses at an alpha level of 0.05. Results Knowledge of breast cancer was found to be on the average (48.72%); differed by age with younger women (35-44 yrs/56.43%) displayed higher knowledge of breast cancer than the older ones (45-54/46.03%); women with post-secondary education (67.66%) had higher knowledge than those with secondary (60.16%), primary (49.03%) and non-formal education (39.01%); urban women (55.61%) were more knowledgeable than rural women (47.81%). Chi-square analysis indicated that difference in knowledge was significant for educational attainment, age and location of residence. Conclusion Breast cancer knowledge of women in Ebonyi State is on the average and differed significantly by education, age and location of women. Consequent it is recommended that breast cancer education should be used to improve their knowledge of the disease, especially for those with non-formal education, older women and those in the rural areas through interventions by government and non-governmental agencies and through curriculum revision for schools.
Mahnaz Solhi1, Mitra Abolfathi2, Fatemeh Darabi3, Nasim Mirzaei4 and Naila Nejad Dadgar5
Context: The purpose of this study is to review the studies that have used educational intervention in the field of emerging infectious diseases, based on methods, application of models, and theories of health education and health promotion and the effect of interventions on prevention and reducing the incidence of these diseases. Evidence acquisition: Electronic search of databases was performed using the key words in English and Persian. Databases reviewed were, Scientific Information Database (SID), Iran Medex, PubMed, Ebsco, Scopus, Index Copernicus and Cochrane. The databases search was conducted from October 2016 to July 2017. Results: Interventions to Emerging diseases were divided into two types based on use of models and theories of health education and without use of models and theories of health education. In the 16 articles reviewed, 7 studies were conducted based on theories and models of health education, and 9 studies did not use theories and models of health education. Conclusion: Training in the community setting to the analogous groups, time, place, length of intervention and use of modern methods of training, are effective in order to decrease morbidity. Overall, health education, combined with health improvement approaches have a greater impact, in prevention and reducing the incidence of emerging diseases.
Oroma Nwanodi*
Surgical skills simulation (SSS) tests the application of factual knowledge and shows how knowledge is applied, representing the second and third levels of Miller’s Pyramid of Learning. SSS permits high-stakes scenario testing in safe environments. Therefore, SSS incorporation into initial specialty certification began in 2002 in Australia and New Zealand. The United States began SSS incorporation into specialty certification in 2008. This paper will determine where the United States stands in the process of SSS incorporation into specialty certification. Google scholar Internet and PubMed searches phrased “medical board certification surgical skills simulation”, performed on September 1, 2016 yielded 16 relevant articles. Hand search on September 1, 2016 yielded 7 additional articles. In 2008, cardiac catheterization simulation was required for interventional cardiology maintenance of certification (MOC). In 2010 the American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) required SSS as part of the MOC program. In 2014, the summative assessment, Colorectal Objective Assessment of Technical Skills became part of the American Board of Colon and Rectal Surgery certification. In 2017, SSS will be added to the ABA initial certification examination. The United States has been slow to incorporate SSS into initial certification and MOC. Assessment validation, capital and recurring costs, personnel, physical facility and time requirements are barriers limiting SSS expansion into specialty certification processes. As SSS allows rapid technical skill assessment, without posing a threat to patients, expansion of SSS into initial certification and MOC programs represents non-maleficence and beneficence, and should be encouraged.
Christoph Augner*
Health psychology has two main topics in educating Health professionals. First, an obvious goal is to increase the ability of health professionals to provide health knowledge to their patients and improve their ability to become or stay healthy. Second, health psychology should help health professionals to cope with their numerous challenges on their work place. Stressful events, difficult interaction with patients and colleagues and often tough working environment increase the chance for stress-related disorder.
Osuala Eunice O*
Hypertension is a major risk factor for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) with complications such as stroke and heart failure. Knowledge and attitude about hypertension have been indicated to influence practice of healthy lifestyle which has implications for hypertension prevention and control. There are anecdotal reports of sudden death and stroke in Isunjaba. However, there is no documentation about their lifestyle practices relating to hypertension. Health information given by nurses may positively influence healthy behaviours such as exercise, weight control, appropriate nutrition and regular Blood Pressure (BP) checks. This study was designed to assess the effects of a Community Health Nursing Intervention (CHNI) on knowledge, attitude and lifestyles relating to hypertension among residents of Isunjaba, Imo State, having the economic advantage of population-focus study in mind. There was significant difference in knowledge, attitude, and lifestyle of the two groups after intervention, P value<0.05. Health Education about hypertension to improve knowledge, attitude as well as positive lifestyles among populations should be supported by nurses, agencies and the Government.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100041
The rise in chronic disease has led to new priorities. If they do not address this issue, especially in middle- and low-income countries, the results could be disastrous for sustainable development and human quality of life. To ensure that people, especially children and adolescents, have the right to life and well-being, it is therefore necessary to develop and validate new strategies that have a positive impact on the social determinants of health. Collaboration between health and education professionals, as well as institutions, is crucial for working on health promotion in children and adolescents, according to the guidelines. These complex but unquestionably more effective efforts are made to encourage the knowledge, attitude, and behaviour required to ensure a healthy lifestyle, particularly during childhood and adolescence. The application of ecological models to programme design is demonstrated by recent developments in the field of school health promotion. Collaboration between health and education professionals, as well as institutions, is crucial for working on health promotion in children and adolescents, according to the guidelines.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100042
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100043
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100044
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100045
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100036
Since the start of the pandemic, several COVID-19 vaccines have been created. The purpose of this research was to assess the variables influencing COVID-19 vaccination intention. From October 2020 to December 2021, 26 nations participated in a global survey that was performed online and self-administered. Information on demographics, socioeconomic standing, and medical conditions was gathered. The relationships between vaccine intention and variables including perceptions and the presence of chronic physical and mental disorders were investigated using a logistic regression. People were more receptive to vaccination if they identified as female, were older in age, had complete health insurance coverage, were students, belonged to an older age group, had more education, identified as female, belonged to a larger age group, or had already received an influenza vaccination. On the other hand, people who worked part-time, were self-employed, or were on welfare were less likely to say they intended to get immunised. Participants with physical or mental health issues were less likely to consent to vaccination, especially those with mental illness, sickle cell disease, or a history of cancer within the past five years. Government or family doctor recommendations were linked to a stronger intention to vaccinate. Lower vaccine intention was linked to the presence of chronic diseases. People who already have health issues are particularly susceptible to health issues and may have more severe COVID-19 symptoms. Future studies should assess the efficacy of treatments aimed at changing the attitudes of at-risk groups toward vaccination. As a result, government-sponsored public awareness efforts and proactive medical professionals' support.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100037
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100038
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100039
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100040
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100031
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100032
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100033
The risk profiles of older persons according to various degrees of physical exercise have not been extensively studied. Because of this, the purpose of this study was to determine whether aspects like quality of life, as well as demographics like gender and education, can predict how much physical activity an elderly population engages in. being a woman, having less education, scoring poorly in both functional skills and activity and leisure. Finally, factors of quality of life that affect how much physical activity the elderly engage in include gender, education, functional abilities, activity and leisure, and health. Age-related physiological changes can impact vulnerability as well as the emergence of physical and mental disorders. In the elderly, being physically fit is linked to improved quality of life, wellbeing, and mental health. Some scholars caution that the strain of society's ageing on state public health systems is another concern.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100034
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100035
The COVID-19 epidemic has caused a significant expansion in the way work environments are set up, with a continuum between working entirely in-person and from home forming. Numerous employment risk factors for poor mental health-particularly in positions with high public exposurehave been made worse by the pandemic. We therefore set out to investigate any possible connections between the workplace and one's self-rated mental health. In order to do this, we created a model of the relationship between the workplace and self-rated mental health in the third wave of the COVID-19 online survey. Due to the possible impact on in-person workers' mental health of COVID-19-related stress, the mediating effects of immunisation, masking, and distance were investigated.
Bang Chuol Nhial* and Getahun Tadesse Haile
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100026
Background: Delivery spacing remains as one of the public health problems globally in general and developing countries in particular. Currently, little is known about the delivery spacing in the study area.
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the delivery spacing and associated factors among delivery mothers in Gambella Region.
Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was applied in Gambella region with the inclusion of one hundred and ninety six mothers in this study from February 1st, 2021 up to March 28th, 2021 while employing multi-stages sampling technique. Data were collected using structured interview. To ensure the quality of the data, a pretest of the tool, training of data collectors and field supervision were made. Using statistical package for social science version 25, median delivery spacing was computed and variables with p ≤ 0.20 from simple linear regression were declared as candidate for inclusion into multivariable analysis. Variables with p ≤ 0.05 from multivariable analysis were declared as factors significantly associated with the delivery spacing.
Results: The study resulted in 100% response rate. The median delivery spacing was found to be 34 months in the study area. Five factors such as; duration of breastfeeding (β=10.48, 95% CI: (8.50, 12.47)), maternal age (β=0.35, 95% CI: (0.10, 0.60)), maternal educational status (β=2.74, 95% CI: (0.70, 4.79)), partner educational status (β=3.12, 95% CI: (0.38, 5.87)) and mother occupational status (β=5.69, 95% CI: (3.81, 7.56)).
Conclusion and recommendation: In the study area, low median delivery spacing was found. Moreover, five factors like duration of breastfeeding, maternal age, maternal educational status, partner educational status and mother occupational status were found to be significantly associated with the delivery spacing. Based on the aforementioned conclusions, various recommendations were forwarded to the concerned bodies for the better response and for the request of conducting studies.s.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100027
The worldwide fast growth of senior populations is placing a significant strain on the healthcare system. The transition to more pro-active and reasonably priced healthcare could be aided by intelligent methods for ongoing health monitoring. Electrocardiograms, obtained via portable equipment, have been routinely utilised to track a variety of medical disorders since they are noninvasive and economical. However, developing appropriate features and prediction models is a difficult challenge due to the dynamic and varied nature of ECG signals. Using single-lead brief ECG signal data and multiple feature creation, we intend to build an integration projects for one-day-forward wellness prediction in communitydwelling older individuals.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100028
A minimally invasive technique called liquid biopsy (LB) seeks to identify circulating tumor-derived elements in bodily fluids. It provides an alternative to current cancer screening methods that use tissue biopsies for the confirmation of diagnosis. This essay looks at the degree to which the governance, legislative, and regulatory frameworks enable the integration of LB into healthcare systems and offers suggestions for how to make things better.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100029
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100030
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100021
Introduction: Community-led total sanitation is a community approach of inspiring and empowering communities to stop open defecation and to build and use latrines, without offering external subsidies to purchase hardware such as pans and pipes.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards community led total sanitation among the residents of Bunga community of Twapia Ndola.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was used among females and males between 18 and 60 years of age, using a questionnaire. The data was then entered and analyzed using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 26.. Multivariate analysis was used in the correlations of knowledge, attitudes, and practices and intestinal worm infestation.
Results: For this study, a total of one hundred and thirty households from Bunga community were recruited upon obtaining informed consent from them and having met the criteria for selection. A total of 130 individuals were interviewed giviing the response rate to be at 100%. This study determined the levels of knowledge of the participants to be 63(48.5%) and 67 (51.5%) for poor and good knowledge levels respectively. Furthermore, it revealed that 107(82.8%) attributed financial challenges as the main difficulty hindering their improved toilet situation and to a lesser extent, 1 (0.8%) no space indoor or outdoor had the lowest frequency. Generally, a good attitude 89 (68.5%) was found among the participants. When asked where their family members usually defecate from when home, 90(69.8%) and 96(73.8) used their own toilet for children and adults respectively. The p value was > 0.01 (p=0.745) between the knowledge levels and attitude, and also >0.01 (p=0.660) between knowledge and practice levels. However, the correlation between attitude and practice levels had a p value that was <0.01 (p=0.008).
Conclusion/Recommendations: The overall knowledge levels in this study were poor. Associated factors that were significant in hindering people from improving their sanitation included financial challenges, no materials available, no laborers available and no support/assistance. Most of the people used their own toilet to defecate for both children and adults belonging to the same household with adults never using open defecation and only some children of a few houses using open defecation sometimes. No correlation was found between knowledge and practice levels. However, a significant correlation was found between attitude and practice of the households. There is need to for more holistic methods of ways to penetrate the community and make sure people are adequately educated about community led total sanitation.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100023
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100024
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100025
Bwalya Mutale Busaka* and V.M. Daka
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100022
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all aspects of our lives and caused severe disruption to everyday life around the world. And as any other sector, education has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in many ways. The current study that focused on the impact of the COVID-19 on medical students’ leaning is essential in order to allow students and educators to evaluate the effects of the current changes the pandemic has brought to learn and apply new principles and practices to the future of the medical field by not only contributing towards the advancement of medical education in terms of curricular changes but also developing different disciplines of medicine in the country.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical students’ learning at CBU-SOM and the students’ perspective on online learning.
Methods: One hundred and twenty students (58.3% males and 41.7% females) responded to an online cross-section survey. A structural questionnaire link using ‘Google form’ was sent to students through WhatsApp in specific CBU-SOM students’ WhatsApp groups. Data collected was downloaded from Google form and imported to IBM SPSS where it was statistically analysed. Descriptive, independent sample T-test, oneway ANOVA, and logistic regression analyses were conducted.
Results: Majority of the responses indicated that students did not experience effective and constant access to online teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and they were not satisfied with the way it was conducted hence more disadvantages than advantages of online education were highlighted. In rating their overall online learning experience, more than 70% of respondents gave a rating of between 1 and 5 out of 10 (terrible-okay) and 54.17% indicated that they preferred face-to-face mode of teaching. Pandemic on different aspects of students' learning at the CBU-SOM. Besides, almost 70% of the respondents indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic affected students’ learning in medical school. Independent sample t-test and One-way ANOVA analyses demonstrated P-value for age (0.0230), year of study (0.003) and place residing during school closures (0.002) to be less than 0.05 (Significance value) hence concluding that the respondents’ age, year of study and the place they were residing (at own home, boarding house, relatives place etc.) had a significant impact on their responses. Inferential statistical analysis (Regression) showed that P value was 0.752, thereby concluding that there was no statistically significant relationship between teaching and learning towards the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on students’ learning at CBU-SOM.
Conclusion: The study showed that COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the learning of students at CBU-SOM and that students had an unfavourable perspective on online education. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between the students’ perspective on online education and the impact of COVID-19 on medical students’ learning.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100017
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100016
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100018
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100019
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100020
Medical specialists are scarce in India, and the numbers are disproportionately lower in the public sector, at the Community Health Centre (CHC) level and above. Even district hospitals in several states have an acute shortage of medical specialists. There is a huge potential for starting DNB courses in State Government District and Sub-district Hospitals to overcome shortages of Medical Specialists at these levels. NHM provides monetary support under the resource envelopes of the states to start DNB courses in district hospitals. Gujarat has a gap of 1200 specialists in public sector hospitals, when compared to sanctioned posts, wherein only 50% are filled. After various internal assessments state had identified 18 DHs and 28 SDHs to apply for DNB programme during 2019 accreditation cycle to overcome shortages of medical specialists. Applications for total 46 districts and sub-district hospitals have been done for seeking approval of 224 seats. Gujarat has lodged highest number of application during 2019 cycle across the country. These applications are in process and results are yet to be declared by NBE.
Solomon Assefa Huluka* and Melkamu Tiruneh
DOI: 10.4172/2380-5439.1000016
The global economic burden of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is large and hindered global economic development. Thus, this study aimed to assess economic burden and its associated factors among DM patients attending public regional hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia using Institutional Institutional based cross sectional study.
Among the 385 respondents (94.4% response rate) enrolled in the study, 197 (51.12%) of them were females. More than three-quarter (77.1%) of the study participants were diagnosed with type 2 DM. Majority of the participants (291; 75.6%) self-finance their expenses towards the management of DM. Average total monthly cost of DM was found to be 1035.82 Birr per patient per month. Moreover, the mean cost of study participant for laboratory test, single purchasing insulin, insulin syringe and oral anti hyperglycemic agent were found to be 56.34 (± 90.68), 325.26 (± 229.06), 86.90 (± 81.24) and 437.69 (± 278.69) Birr per patient per month, respectively. Regression analysis study indicated that there is a significant (p<0.05) association between cost of DM and education, income, admission, distance from the health facility, emergency visit as well as number of drug prescribed. This study showed that DM imposes a high out of pocket cost expenditure on patients and their families.
DOI: 37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100020
Background: In this report the Directorate of anti-quackery of the Sindh Healthcare Commission (DAQ-SHCC), Pakistan aims to resonate with the community the impact of inadequate knowledge of illegitimate medical practitioners and the palliative measures taken by them to cure probable dengue patients in the beginning at the onset of fever and the large dosage of analgesics (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents) being prescribed and running no diagnostic test may lead to potentially dangerous hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome which can cause an increase in the fatality rate. Dengue fever has recently swept the entire Pakistan and put the state on high alert. From July 2019 to November 2019 (as of 12th November) a record has set that seems to cross 47,120 dengue fever cases together with 75 casualties. While 12,053 (25.57%) cases have only been reported from Sindh, which is the highest number reported among all the provinces of Pakistan. We have therefore been dynamically involved in exploring the role of quacks in the prevalence of dengue infection across Sindh.
Materials and Methods: A quasi experimental study regarding dengue fever and its prevalence prompted by quackery's burgeoning, have been carried out by the DAQ-SHCC head office located in Karachi, Pakistan. For this purpose, the DAQ-SHCC inspection teams were deliberated to conduct dengue knowledge and management-based interviews in all the divisions of Sindh; Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Shaheed Benazirabad, Mirpurkhas and Larkana, with two hundred and twenty identified quacks about their malpractices and especially the analgesics those were being prescribed to the probable dengue infected people.
Results: Two hundred and twenty identified quacks were probed for their malpractices to the probable dengue patients in the different divisions of Sindh. Of the total, 33.33% (40) were only interviewed from Karachi division, while 13.33% (16) from Sukkur division, 9.99% (12) from Larkana, 9.99% (12) from Mirpur Khas, 16.65% (20) from Shaheed Benazirabad and 16.65% (20) from Hyderabad division. It was observed that quacks were not even aware of the warning signs of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome and that leucopenia is a diagnostic criterion for dengue fever while thrombocytopenia is a criterion for diagnosing Dengue hemorrhagic fever.
Conclusion: The results presented in this study showed that the quack’s knowledge about preventive measures of dengue and desired screening tests is significantly lower.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2024.12.143
In Brazil, the National High School Examination (ENEM) serves as the primary assessment tool for students in their final year of high school. It is used for admission to higher education institutions, both public and private, as well as federally funded Brazilian government institutions. The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2022 caused significant disruptions to basic education, prompting reforms in the educational model, transitioning from in-person to remote (online) learning environments. This study aims to identify the main impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in the state of Pará, located in the Amazon region of Brazil. To achieve this, we analyzed microdata from the ENEM editions between 2019 and 2022 to understand pre-pandemic trends and assess the impact of COVID-19 on student performance. The research findings reveal a correlation between family per capita income and participation in the ENEM among public school students, with a higher proportion of students from lower-income families not participating in the exam. Additionally, the absenteeism rate surpassed 100% compared to the previous year. Another noteworthy observation pertains to the education level of the responsible family member, indicating that higher levels of education correlate with better student performance.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2024.12.143
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2024.12.144
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2024.12.145
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2024.12.146
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2024.12.147
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2024.12.148
K. L Radha*, Gopichandran, Manju Dhandapani, Subhasankari and Payal KaholHote
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100011
Health and well-being are overlapping yet significantly differing concepts; the difference being in the dimensions of human life encompassed by each entity. The practice of health sciences is continuously evolving. As with most areas of science, recent decades have seen rapidly increasing progress in application of digital technology in medical field. In past few years, there has been a global boom in telehealth systems. Telehealth is a new technology, a new mode of health care delivery, a new industry and a new area of research. The generality of applications of telehealth in the field of medical care is still in an infancy stage. The term ‘Tele-health’ and ‘Telemedicine’ are interchangeable as per American Telemedicine Association (ATA) which characterizes Telemedicine to be “the natural evolution of healthcare in the digital world”. All stakeholders realize that the impact of technology in health care is inevitable and its applications in telehealth will be progressively expanded and diversified. Till recently, there was relatively spotted distribution in adoption of telehealth in the medical care; but COVID-19 pandemic has forced all healthcare systems, hospitals and clinics to rapidly implement the telehealth system and its widespread usage is now much visible. Establishing more up-to-date telehealth applications in medical care is a persistent need. The current urgency for telehealth systems has brought into focus aattention- to planning, preparing and processing capacity building, budgeting for infrastructure and resources for this field, increased awareness about staff’s technical and clinical competencies in this field, analyzing medical and legal issues in its usage and ensuring confidentiality and data safety.
The primary focus of this article is to examine the existing relevant literature on tele health/telemedicine in health sector - from early development to current applications, benefits of the telehealth during pandemic COVID-19, application to nursing domain, impediments to adopting telehealth systems and conclude with a look at future considerations in this field. Hopefully, it will contribute to guiding health care professionals, policy makers and nursing administrators to enhance existing knowledge, develop standard operating guidelines, technical competencies and capacity building for effective implementation of telemedicine in practice.
Eda Gülbetekin* and Fatma Güdücü Tüfekci
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100012
Purpose: The aim of this research is to improve the awareness of mothers and evaluate the impact of education, to determine the factors affecting the education of mothers with children of 0-3 age group, to determine the factors affecting the education.
Design and Method: The study was carried out experimentally with pre-test post-test control group, in a Family Health Center between July and October 2019, in Iğdır, in Eastern of Turkey. The universe of the study consisted of mothers (S= 103) who applied to family health center for any reason and who met the study criteria. The data were obtained by Personal Information Form and Mother Home Accident Awareness Rating Scale. Children's Home Accidents Training was carried out with the child home accidents training booklet and presentation. The data were evaluated with descriptive statistics, chi-square and variance. Ethical principles were followed.
Results: The mothers in the experimental group had a significantly higher level of awareness of home accidents than the mothers in the control group (p<.001). The awareness of child home accidents was significantly higher among mothers who were university graduates, living in nuclear families, whose income was higher than their expenses, whose mother was between 20-35 years old and who had a 0-3-year-old child (p<.05).
Conclusion: Training of mothers for 0-3 age group children on home accident awareness can be effective in developing their awareness.
Practice implications: Training of mothers for 0-3 age group children on home accident awareness increases their awareness.
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100013
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100014
DOI: 10.37421/2380-5439.2022.10.100015
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