Francisco Ab�?Âlio da Silva Portela
The increasing evidence regarding TE events and risk factors in IBD patients demands a better disease control in order to reduce these feared vascular complications.Additionally, a higher or should be evoked to increase the rate of venous TE prophylaxis in IBD inpatients.
Inflammation is your body's attempt to heal itself by fighting against things that hurt it, such as infections, injuries, and toxins. When your cells are damaged, your body releases substances that cause your immune system to respond. This response includes the release of antibodies and proteins, as well as increased blood flow to the damaged area. The whole process usually lasts for a few hours or days in the case of acute inflammation. some time, this can prompt DNA harm, tissue passing, and inner scarring. All of these are linked to the development of several diseases, including cancer, heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes, obesity, asthma.
Lymphocytic colitis is a medical issue that causes aggravation of your internal organ. It causes scenes of watery the runs and midsection torment. Your internal organ is important for your stomach related (gastrointestinal or GI) parcel. It incorporates both the colon and rectum. It goes from your mouth right to your rectal opening. The digestive organ gets the separated results of food from the small digestive tract. One of its primary positions is to reabsorb water and electrolytes, like salt. The colon prompts the rectum, which stores your excrement before your body removes them.
Microscopic Colitis (MC) is a provocative inside problem portrayed by watery nonbloody looseness of the bowels. It is all the more entirely expected in females and patients more than 50 years old and its pathophysiology isn't completely perceived. Clinical biomarkers, for example, fecal calprotectin are typically ordinary and side effect cross-over with useful problems may prompt dithering in continuing with additional examinations, subsequently postponing the finding. Clinical scores can assist with anticipating those in danger of MC, just as screen illness action. Histology is fundamental in diagnosing MC and its two subtypes, lymphocytic and collagenous colitis. In any case, ongoing mechanical advances have empowered us to depict a few inconspicuous naturally visible changes that can make the sharp looked at endoscopist aware of the presence of the condition. Endorsed drugs can represent about 10% of MC cases. Other danger factors incorporate simultaneous immune system problems and smoking. Along these lines, the remedy of proper prescriptions along with the appraisal for any auxiliary reason, are fundamental in the administration calculation of this infection.
Scott B. Simpson
Colonic distension is not only the main trigger of functional colonic pain, but also activates multiple different reflexes affecting both upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) motility. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients have been documented with increased colonic faecal loading on abdominal x-ray. Medications, reduced mobility and probably hereditary factors which promote colonic stasis along with poorly digested fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) which increase colonic distension are known to trigger colonic symptoms. Colonic decompression has been shown to improve both functional colonic and upper gut symptoms as well as reducing typical gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) symptoms. The right colon appears to play an important role in regulating whole gut motility. GI smooth muscle functions according to the Frank-Starling principle where progressive distension initially promotes and later impairs motility and must be taken into account when selecting appropriate medical therapy. Colonic stasis is associated with the more benign form of acute ischaemic colitis. In mouse studies, colonic distension from a high FODMAP diet may well induce low-grade mucosal ischaemia, barrier dysfunction and ongoing low-grade inflammation causing IBS symptoms. Gut physiology suggests that occult constipation or proximal colonic faecal loading acts as a functional obstruction, which must be addressed by medical therapy to treat functional upper GI symptoms and refractory reflux optimally. Improvement in functional colonic symptoms with simple laxative therapy and other agents which promote colonic motility such as prucalopride correlates strongly with improvement in dyspeptic, refractory GORD and LPR symptoms.
Abhishek Bhurwal
Coffee consumption has its benefits on human health. In the specific area of hepatology, previous studies have suggested that coffee
decreases liver enzymes and inhibits progression of liver fibrosis. Additionally, in a recent systematic review and meta-analysis, coffee
consumption was shown to have an inverse association with the development of liver cancer. That well-designed study suggested that coffee
drinking would be beneficial in terms of preventing liver cancer. Coffee drinkers at risk of developing hepatocellular cancer should consider the
potential benefits of drinking coffee.
Mohammad Naghi*, Khaled Zalata, Magdy Ibrahim, Khadega Ali, Khaleel Wafi and Ahmed Abdullah
DOI: 10.37421/2476-1958.2022.7.171
Objectives: Childhood colonic eosinophilia is a perplexing outcome with a broad differential. The practitioner has little guidance on how to approach these patients. We examined individuals with colonic eosinophilia and studied the clinic pathological parameters correlated with their diagnoses. We aimed to see if we could find predictors of colonic eosinophilia without colonoscopy and if these predictors could be used for monitoring. This was achieved so that a colonoscopy would not have to be used unless there was doubt about the diagnosis.
Methods: In order to compare children with colonic eosinophilia (N=56) in their histopathology to controls without the condition (N=120), we conducted a 10 years retrospective chart review.
Results: Individuals with colonic eosinophilia had significant clinical and laboratory characteristics contrasted to controls (p<0.001). Age, platelet count, and fecal calprotectin were the three factors that might be considered predictors in diagnosing Colonic Eosinophilia.
Conclusions: Age, platelet count, and calprotectin were good predictors for colonic eosinophilia cases. Such predictors could be of value in monitoring patients.
DOI: 10.37421/2476-1958.2022.7.170
Fiery inside illness (IBD) alludes to ongoing and backsliding provocative problems of the gastrointestinal lot. Among the two fundamental elements of IBD, Crohn's Illness (CD) is a transmural irritation that might influence any piece of the gastrointestinal parcel, while Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is an irritation of the colonic mucosa and submucosa. The two types of IBD can unfavorably affect all parts of patients' life, remembering a significant crumbling for their personal satisfaction. While the frequency and pervasiveness of IBD stay most elevated in Western nations, they have as of late expanded in recently industrialized locales. In the 21st 100 years, fiery entrail illness has turned into a worldwide sickness, with north of 6,000,000 cases overall.
DOI: 10.37421/2476-1958.2022.7.172
Ongoing investigations have shown dysbiosis is related with fiery entrail illness (IBD). Notwithstanding, attempting to reestablish microbial variety through waste microbiota transplantation (FMT) or probiotic mediation neglects to accomplish clinical advantage in IBD patients. We played out a probiotic mediation on a recreated IBD murine model to explain their relationship. IBD was mimicked by the convention of Azoxymethane and Dextran Sodium Sulfate (AOM/DSS) to set up a colitis and colitis related neoplasm model on BALB/c mice. A solitary probiotic mediation utilizing Clostridium Butyricum Miyairi (CBM) on AOM/DSS mice to explain the job of probiotic in colitis, colitis related neoplasm, stomach microbiota, and safe cytokines was performed. We found dysbiosis happened in AOM/DSS mice. The CBM mediation on AOM/DSS mice neglected to further develop colitis and colitis related neoplasms however changed microbial arrangement and suddenly expanded articulation of proinflammatory IL-17A in rectal tissue. We estimated that the probiotic mediation caused dysbiosis. To explain the outcome, we performed converse FMT utilizing dung from AOM/DSS mice to typical beneficiaries to approve the pathogenic impact of dysbiosis from AOM/DSS mice and found mice on reverse FMT created colitis and colon neoplasms. We assumed the probiotic intercession somewhat caused dysbiosis as converse FMT. The job of probiotics in IBD requires further clarification.
DOI: 10.37421/2476-1958.2023.08.175
Background: Some biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and Fecal Calprotectin (FC) have been reported to be related to the prognosis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Methods: This case control study included 76 IBD patients in clinical remission and COVID-19 patients from December 2021 to March 2022. A checklist including demographic and clinical parameters was filled out for each participant. Two stool samples in 2 stages (during one month) and one blood sample were collected to test for FC and CRP, respectively. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon, Mann Whitney, Spearman, T-test, ANOVA and K2 tests and P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: 33 COVID-19 patients and 43 remission IBD cases with a mean age of 51.53 ± 15.155 years take part in the study. In COVID-19 group, mean FC ± SE in the first samples were 184.46 ± 59.01 (µg/g) and 144.58 ± 38.68 (µg/g) in the second samples one month later. In IBD patients in clinical remission mean FC in the first and in the second samples were 170.25 ± 42.23 (µg/g) and 204, 35 ± 68.33 (µg/g). The reduction in FC was significant among patients with COVID-19 (severe and moderate) after one month. 8 and 11 cases with COVID-19 and IBD had FC1 above or equal 200 (µg/g), respectively. Among 8 COVID-19 patients with high level FC1, 5 cases died. Mean CRP was 44.30 ± 3.47 in COVID-19 and 4.93 ± 1.00 in IBD patients (P<0.05). In cases, a correlation was seen between FC1 and CRP (rs=0.353, P=0.04).
Conclusion: Our findings showed gastrointestinal inflammation in COVID-19 patients even a month after recovery. More mortality was observed in patients with FC above 200. Higher level FC is presented in older COVID-19 patients that show the patients need special attention. Further studies are needed to understand the role of Calprotectin in predicting COVID-19 mortality.
DOI: 10.37421/2476-1958.2023.08.176
DOI: 10.37421/2476-1958.2023.08.177
DOI: 10.37421/2476-1958.2023.08.178
DOI: 10.37421/2476-1958.2023.08.179
DOI: 10.37421/2476-1958.2023.08.180
DOI: 10.37421/2476-1958.2022.08.181
DOI: 10.37421/2476-1958.2023.08.182
The benefits of current pharmacological therapy are minimal. Tricyclic antidepressants have strong clinical support, although antispasmodics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants have weaker clinical evidence. Due to potential hazards, serotonin subtype targeting drugs are not frequently used. Both alosetron and tegaserod, which are not approved for usage in Canada, are linked to cardiovascular events and ischemic colitis, respectively. It is not surprising that nearly 50% of IBS patients seek out Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) therapies given their low levels of satisfaction with therapy they receive. The national center for complementary and alternative medicine defines Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) as medical procedures that are not currently regarded as a part of mainstream medicine. It must be noted right away that this definition is rather arbitrary and that what is and is not considered CAM will depend on a variety of circumstances, including cultural, racial, social, religious, educational, economic, and other considerations, as well as the attitude of the local medical community. As an illustration, the use of aromatherapy as a support for pharmaceutical analgesia in the post-operative patient illustrates how complementary medicines or medical practices are, by definition, administered or used in addition to traditional medicines. Alternative medications or medical procedures are utilised instead of standard medicines or procedures; an illustration of this would be the decision to treat cancer with a particular diet rather than surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy. An approach to patient treatment known as integrative medicine mixes "mainstream" and Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) methods and/or therapies. This approach has been shown to be safe and effective in a number of different contexts.
Mariko Sooji
Gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It serves as the first line of defense against
pathogens, regulates nutrient absorption, and contributes to immune system
function. In children, the development and function of the intestinal mucosa
are especially vital as they undergo periods of rapid growth and immune
system maturation. Pediatric Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, which range from
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
to conditions such as celiac disease and food allergies, can have profound
effects on the integrity and function of the intestinal mucosa.
Elyazouli Randa
The human gut harbors a diverse and complex community of
microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea, collectively
referred to as the gut microbiota. These microbes play a crucial role
in maintaining intestinal health and overall well-being. Under normal
circumstances, the gut microbiota is in a state of equilibrium, supporting the
immune system, aiding in digestion, synthesizing essential nutrients, and
protecting against harmful pathogens. However, disruptions in the balance
of this microbiota, a condition known as gut dysbiosis, can have far-reaching
consequences on intestinal mucosa, as well as on systemic health.
Mohnader Abadi
The human gut microbiome, composed of trillions of microorganisms
including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, plays a crucial role in maintaining
the overall health of the Gastrointestinal (GI) tract and supporting immune
system function. In recent years, there has been growing recognition of the
importance of the gut microbiome in both the pathogenesis and treatment
of various inflammatory diseases. In particular, autoimmune diseases such
as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing
spondylitis have been found to have strong associations with dysbiosis
(an imbalance in the microbiome), which can exacerbate inflammation and
immune system dysfunction.
Alemidia Gulva
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, inflammatory, and often
debilitating condition primarily affecting the axial skeleton, particularly the
sacroiliac joints and spine. It is part of a broader category of diseases known
as spondyloarthritis, which is characterized by inflammation of the joints and
entheses (sites where tendons and ligaments attach to bones). AS typically
manifests in early adulthood and is more common in men, often leading to
significant pain, stiffness, and eventual fusion of the spine if left untreated.
This condition can severely impact mobility and quality of life, making early
intervention crucial for controlling inflammation and preventing irreversible
damage to the joints.
Feira Nishee
Autoimmune diseases, such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Crohn’s
disease, psoriatic arthritis, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), represent
a diverse group of disorders in which the immune system mistakenly attacks
the body’s tissues, leading to chronic inflammation, tissue damage, and a
reduction in quality of life. Over the past few decades, biologic therapies, which
specifically target immune system components involved in inflammation,
have revolutionized the management of autoimmune diseases. Among
these biologics, Infliximab stands out as one of the first Tumor Necrosis
Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors developed to treat inflammatory conditions.
Geevan Sagar
Inflammatory diseases, particularly autoimmune disorders such as
rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis, are characterized
by persistent, dysregulated inflammation, leading to tissue damage and
a reduction in quality of life. The underlying mechanism in many of these
diseases involves an overactive immune response, where pro-inflammatory
cytokines, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α), play a crucial role
in mediating inflammation and disease progression. Infliximab, a monoclonal
antibody against TNF-α, is one of the most widely used biologic therapies for
treating various inflammatory conditions. Since its approval in the late 1990s,
infliximab has revolutionized the management of diseases that are resistant
to traditional therapies, offering patients significant improvements in disease
control, symptom relief, and quality of life.
Fenogli Jarceno
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a key cytokine that plays a
pivotal role in regulating the immune response and inflammation in the
human body. Originally recognized for its ability to induce tumor cell death,
TNF-α is now understood to be a central player in the pathophysiology of
various chronic inflammatory diseases. Under normal circumstances, TNF-α
is essential for defending the body against infections and facilitating wound
healing. However, when its production is dysregulated or sustained, TNF-α
becomes a major contributor to chronic inflammation, driving tissue damage
and dysfunction in diseases such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Inflammatory
Bowel Disease (IBD), psoriasis, and ankylosing spondylitis.
Mankarious Greene
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that
plays a pivotal role in regulating immune responses and inflammation in the
body. Originally identified for its ability to induce tumor cell death, TNF-α is
now recognized as a critical mediator in a variety of inflammatory conditions,
both acute and chronic. While TNF-α is essential for mounting an effective
immune response to infection or injury, its overproduction or dysregulation
is associated with a wide array of chronic inflammatory diseases, including
rheumatoid arthritis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), psoriasis, and even
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
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