DOI: 10.37421/2684-6012.2023.6.171
Multiple sclerosis is a condition which has the potential of disabling the central nervous system. As such, the organs which are profoundly affected by multiple sclerosis include the spinal cord and the brain. Hen an individual has multiple sclerosis and the immune system tends to attack the myelin, (a protective sheath) covering the nerve ibers. As a result, communication through neuron-transmission is disrupted between the brain and other body organs. If the disease is not treated, it creates deterioration as well as permanent damage to the nerves in the body.
Yue Hu, Yong Ye, and Yong Tao
The spinal anesthesia induced by injection of local anesthetics in the subarachnoid space, which blocked the conduction function of some spinal nerves. However, there are various kinds of anesthetics used in spinal anesthesia; many of them can cause transient or permeant neurological symptoms. One often-overlooked complication of intraspinal anesthesia is Transient Nervous Syndrome (TNS). TNS can affect patients' mood and postoperative recovery. This paper mainly describes the related factors of TNS after spinal anesthesia, such as local anesthetics, surgical position and operation time and discusses the mechanism, prevention and treatment of TNS.
Min Li, Xiaog Gao , Fengwei Liu , Yaqiong Ja , Ran Meng and Xunming Ji
Background: This study was aimed to establish a standard for internal jugular vein-J3 segment stenosis by jugular ultrasound and to investigate the impact of IJV-J3 segment stenosis on intracranial pressure and cerebral venous outflow.
Methods: 126 subjects who underwent jugular ultrasound from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively recruited.
Results: The flow velocity of internal jugular vein -J3 segment was significantly lower in subjects with the trans-stenotic pressure ≥ 4 mmHg compared with those with trans-stenotic pressure <4 mmHg (p=0.0402). Flow velocity ≤ 27.5 cm/s suggested a trans-stenotic pressure ≥ 4 mmHg and was defined as internal jugular vein stenosis (p=0.0254). No difference was found between the intracranial pressure of internal jugular vein stenosis subjects and that of non-internal jugular vein stenosis subjects (p=0.7329). Results from linear regression also implied no correlation between internal jugular vein stenosis and intracranial pressure. However, the flow velocity in both left and right vertebral vein were significantly higher in internal jugular vein stenosis subjects as compared to normal controls (p=0.0056, p=0.0454).
Conclusion: Flow velocity ≤ 27.5 cm/s in internal jugular vein-J3 segment was defined as internal jugular vein stenosis. Internal jugular vein stenosis did not lead to intracranial hypertension, but resulted in cerebral venous outflow redistribution which presented as increased venous outflow in vertebral veins.
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (CVT) is a rare form of cerebrovascular disease with variable manifestations like headache, focal neurological deficit, seizure and altered sensorium thus making the diagnosis difficult. Indian studies revealed that CVT contribute to 10% of all stroke. Earlier studies from India showed an increase incidence of CVT in women due to puerperium, Oral contraceptive pills and hormone replacement therapy.
Journal of Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery received 2 citations as per Google Scholar report
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