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Leishmaniasis | Open Access Journals
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Clinical Infectious Diseases: Open Access

ISSN: 2684-4559

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Leishmaniasis

More than 20 species of Leishmania cause infections in humans. Poverty, malnutrition, deforestation and urbanisation are risk factors. Both three forms can be detected by microscopic examination of the parasites. Furthermore, blood tests can diagnose visceral disease. Leishmaniasis can be prevented in part by sleeping under insecticide-treated nets. Certain steps include applying insecticides to kill sandflies, and early treatment to avoid further transmission of the disease to humans. The treatment needed is determined by where the disease, the Leishmania species, and the type of infection is acquired. Some possible visceral disease medications include liposomal amphotericin B, a combination of pentavalent antimonials and paromomomycin, and miltefosine. Paromomomycin, fluconazole, or pentamidine may be effective for cutaneous illness. Leishmaniasis is diagnosed by direct visualization of the amastigotes (Leishman – Donovan bodies) in the hematology laboratory. Buffy-coat preparations of peripheral blood or marrow aspirates, spleen, lymph nodes, or skin lesions should be spread over a slide to make a thin smear and stained for 20 minutes with Leishman stain or Giemsa stain (pH 7.2).

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