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Subthalamic Nucleus | Open Access Journals
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Molecular Biology: Open Access

ISSN: 2168-9547

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Subthalamic Nucleus

The subthalamic nucleus is a small lens-shaped nucleus inside the brain where it is part of the basal ganglia system from a functional point of view. It's the big component of the subthalamus, in terms of anatomy. The subthalamic nucleus, as suggested by its name, lies ventral to the thalamus. The substantia nigra is also lateral, and the internal capsule is medial. There are rather long, sparsely spiny dendrites in the principal type of neuron found in the subthalamic nucleus. The dendritic arbors have a more ellipsoidal shape in the neurons, which are more central. The measurements of these arbors (1200 μm, 600 μm, and 300 μm), which is uncommon for many species — including rodents, cat, monkeys, and humans — are identical. The number of neurons therefore increases with the size of the brain as well as the nucleus' external dimensions. The principal neurons are glutamatergic, which gives them a particular functional role in the network of basal ganglia. There is also a small number of GABAergic interneurons that participate in the local circuitry in humans (about 7.5 per cent).

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