A Brief Note on the Theory of Veterinary Anatomical Pathology

Alec Wade^*
*Correspondence: Dr. Alec Wade, Department of Veterinary Science, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia, Tel: 9657493661, Email:

Editorial Note

Veterinary anatomic pathology or Anatomic pathology is a medical specialty involved with disease diagnosis based on macroscopic, microscopic, biochemical, immunologic, and molecular study of organs and tissues. Surgical pathology has evolved significantly over the last century, from historical examinations of full bodies (autopsy) to a more advanced strategies focused on cancer diagnosis and prognosis to aid treatment decision-making in oncology. Clinical pathology is the diagnosis of disease by laboratory analysis of biological fluids or tissues. Pathologists frequently perform both anatomical and clinical pathology, which is referred to as general pathology. In veterinary pathology, there are similar specialties.

pathology, there are similar specialties. Anatomic pathology is the processing, examination, and diagnosis of surgical specimens by pathology with training in pathology. Clinical pathology is the division that performs more common test requests, like blood cell counts, coagulation studies, urinalysis, blood glucose level determinations, and throat cultures. Chemistry, anemia, microbiology, immunology, urinalysis, and the blood bank are among the subsections. Surgical pathology (breast, gynecologic, endocrine, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, soft tissue, head and neck, dermatopathology), neuropathology, hematopathology, cytopathology, and forensic pathology are the main subspecialties of anatomical pathology. To be authorized to practise pathology, one must first complete medical school and obtain a medical license. To get employment or hospital privileges, a psychiatry residency and certification (in the United States, the American Board of Pathology or the American Osteopathic Board of Pathology) are usually required.

Cytopathology is a field of anatomical pathology that concentrates on the microscopic analysis of entire, individual cells obtained by exfoliation or fine-needle aspiration. Cytopathologists are trained to take fine-needle aspirates of superficial organs, masses, or cysts and can often make an immediate diagnosis while the patient and consulting physician are present. Non-physician cytotechnologists are frequently used to perform first evaluations of screening tests such as the Papanicolaou smear, with only positive or unclear cases being examined by a pathologist. In the United States, cytopathology is a platform subspecialty.

The naked eye inspection of sick tissues is known as a gross examination. This is especially important for large tissue fragments, because the illness is often visible. The pathologist also chooses which areas will be processed for histopathology at this stage. A magnifying glass or a stereo microscope can sometimes assist the eye, especially looking at parasitic organisms. Histopathology is the study of stained tissue slices under a microscope using histological techniques. Haematoxylin and eosin are the most common stains, but there are many others.

Anatomic pathology's primary competence is the use of haematoxylin and eosin-stained slides to provide specific diagnoses based on appearance. Histochemistry is the science of staining tissue slices. Antibodies are used in immunohistochemistry to identify the presence, quantity, and localisation of certain proteins. This approach is essential for distinguishing between illnesses with similar morphology and determining the molecular features of specific tumors. Antibodies have been used in immunohistochemistry to detect the presence, quantity, and localization of certain proteins. This approach is essential for distinguishing between disorders with similar morphology and determining the molecular features of specific cancers. The technique can be used to identify specific DNA and RNA molecules on sections. The technique is dubbed FISH when the probe is tagged with fluorescent dye.

Cytopathology is the study of loose cells spread on glass slides and stained with cytology techniques. Electron microscopy is the examination of tissue using an electron microscope, which offers a much higher magnification and allows the viewing of organelles within cells. Although immunohistochemistry has mostly replaced it, it is still widely used for certain tasks, such as the diagnosis of renal illness and the identification of immotile cilia syndrome. Tissue cytogenetics is the study of chromosomes in order to detect genetic abnormalities such as chromosomal translocation. Flow immunophenotyping is the process of using flow cytometry to determine the immunophenotype of cells. It is quite helpful in determining the various forms of leukaemia and lymphoma.