Perspective - (2022) Volume 6, Issue 10
Received: 05-Oct-2022, Manuscript No. cmcr-23-86162;
Editor assigned: 06-Oct-2022, Pre QC No. P-86162;
Reviewed: 13-Oct-2022, QC No. Q-86162;
Revised: 19-Oct-2022, Manuscript No. R-86162;
Published:
27-Oct-2022
, DOI: 10.37421/2684-4915.2022.6.230
Citation: Guyer, Nicholas. “A Perspective on Skin Diseases Physiology and Comprehension.” Clin Med Case Rep 6 (2022): 230.
Copyright: © 2022 Guyer N. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
A medical organization studies the burdens of a variety of diseases. The National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is a component of Priorities for spending funds appropriated by Congress. NIAMS's objective is to support research. research into the symptoms, causes, and treatment of skin, musculoskeletal, and arthritis; instruction in the fundamentals of clinical science so that the investigation can be carried out; and providing up-to-date information on recent scientific advancements in particular diseases. Since 2005, NIAMS's annual budget has exceeded $500 million, but we still lack the resources necessary to support all outstanding research proposals. As a result, NIAMS must prioritize research funding.
To advance our understanding of skin diseases and the study of skin biology, NIAMS prioritizes funding in two primary areas. We want to support the best research proposals we receive first and foremost. I use the term "excellent" to refer to concepts that I believe have the greatest potential to advance our clinical or fundamental understanding of skin disease and biology. Financing these scientific opportunities, in my opinion, and in accordance with previous NIH research funding policies5, is the best use of taxpayer funds. Although it is impossible to predict which scientific endeavors will yield the greatest returns, some are more likely to result in significant discoveries [1-3].
Despite its limitations, peer assessment of research proposals, which NIAMS uses to evaluate the worth of each proposal, has proven to be helpful in identifying proposals that are more likely to produce significant results. 6 Secondly, the NIAMS places a high value on sponsoring early-stage researchers and assisting aspiring scientists in exploring their careers. In addition to those two priorities, other factors influence our funding decisions, such as whether the proposal meets a pressing need in public health; whether it has to do with diseases or an area that hasn't been studied enough; whether it is relevant to the mission; whether it is cost-effective; as well as whether it is likely to result in changes to clinical practice for clinical trials.
Comparative effectiveness research is a topic that both the NIH and the NIAMS are interested in, and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), a nonprofit, nongovernmental organization established by Congress, focuses on it. 8 According to some, the NIH ought to prioritize funding for research in a manner that is comparable to PCORI. However, it is essential to take into account the other aforementioned considerations because the NIH and NIAMS missions are significantly larger than PCORI's.Despite the fact that the aforementioned factors occasionally make diseases with large disease burdens a priority, the NIAMS and the NIH do not frequently distribute funds proportionally based on illness loads, particularly those assessed by disability-adjusted life years. Funding based solely on illness burden would have two major drawbacks [4].
Biomedical research on rare diseases that has made fundamental advances in our understanding of human biology, helped a lot of people with specific diseases and their families, and learned a lot about diseases that are more common. For instance, extensive research has been conducted on xeroderma pigmentosum, a relatively uncommon condition characterized by extreme sensitivity to sunlight that leads to the development of skin cancer at an early age. These studies have revealed a lot about how DNA repair works in some of the most common types of cancer.
Second, disease burden-based funding would be detrimental to basic science research that frequently does not relate to a single disease but can lead to therapeutic advancements in a variety of fields. The study of cachectin's role in cancer, which was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), paved the way for the development of anti-tumor necrosis factor medications that are now used to treat a variety of immune-mediated inflammatory conditions.
The research on RNA tumor viruses, which was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), aided in the development of HIV-treatment antiretrovirals. In contrast, we should not fund research proposals that do not meet our high standards simply because they relate to a disease with a high prevalence in a setting with limited resources. Skin anatomy and disease localization The thickness of the interfollicular epidermis as well as variations in the size and number of skin appendages, including hair, cause variations in the composition of human skin at various body sites. These investigations have revealed a great deal about DNA repair processes in several of the more prevalent types of cancer.
The way that various skin disease processes affect the skin is influenced by their unique localization. Hyperproliferation and obstruction of the sebaceous duct are the hallmarks of acne vulgaris, which mostly affects the face, chest, and back, where there are many sebaceous glands.
The inflammation that is associated with discoid lupus erythematosus frequently centers on the upper portion of the hair follicle and the putative hair follicle epidermal stem cells. The typical scarring alopecia that is observed when this disease affects hair-bearing skin is likely caused by damage to these cells [5].
The skin has a sophisticated immune system that plays a crucial role in the defense of the host. Activated antigen-expressing Langerhans cells migrate from the skin to the lymph nodes to activate naive T cells when the skin is exposed to a new antigen.
In response to cutaneous injury, these activated T cells become memory T cells and express novel surface markers, allowing them to accumulate more readily in the skin. In cutaneous T cell lymphoma, the capacity of malignant cells to migrate to the skin is also significantly influenced by the fundamental molecular interactions that are essential to the normal physiology of immunosurveillance.
Second, disease burden-based funding would be detrimental to basic science research that frequently does not relate to a single disease but can lead to therapeutic advancements in a variety of fields. The study of cachectin's role in cancer, which was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), paved the way for the development of anti-tumor necrosis factor medications that are now used to treat a variety of immune-mediated inflammatory conditions. 9 Another illustration is the NIH-funded study of RNA tumor viruses, which contributed to the development of HIV-treatment antiretroviral medications. As has been mentioned by others1, we are fortunate that additional NIH institutes and centers sponsor research into the biology of the skin and skin diseases. For instance, NIAMS is interested in the research on melanoma and other skin cancers supported by the National Cancer Institute (NCI).
The present study did not involve any conflicts of interest, according to the authors.
Google Scholar, Crossref, Indexed at
Google Scholar, Crossref, Indexed at
Google Scholar, Crossref, Indexed at
Google Scholar, Crossref, Indexed at
Clinical and Medical Case Reports received 40 citations as per Google Scholar report
