A Report on Pulmonary Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients

A Khalil^*
*Correspondence: A Khalil, Department of Radiology, University of Vienna, Austria, Email:

Brief Report

The chest x-ray radiograph and computed tomography are the only clinical imaging modalities available to evaluate children pulmonary disorders such bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cystic fibrosis, and asthma. The clinical potential of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for the lung has substantially extended as the hurdles that previously limited its use have been resolved. Recent advancements in pulmonary MRI, such as ultrashort echo time and hyperpolarized-gas MRI techniques, are described in this review article, with a focus on paediatric research and translational applications. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a deadly lung condition that develops without warning. Although high-resolution computed tomography has changed IPF diagnosis, it still has substantial limitations, particularly in terms of monitoring disease progression and therapeutic response. In light of recently approved innovative medicines and a slew of others in the works, the necessity for noninvasive regional assessment has grown even more urgent. As a result, combining 3-dimensional imaging of lung anatomy with 3-dimensional regional assessment of function will almost certainly be beneficial. This problem is adequately handled by hyperpolarized (HP) Xe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which takes advantage of this inert gas's special features to image its distribution not only in the airspaces, but also in interstitial barrier tissues and red blood cells. This noninvasive single-breath imaging evaluation could one day become the optimal technique for assessing pulmonary gas-exchange dysfunction in IPF patients.

The progress of HP Xe MRI from its early development to its current stage as a clinical research platform will be detailed in this review paper. It will go over the important imaging biomarkers that can be derived from the Xe MRI test, as well as their utility in IPF diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy response assessment. Finally, we'll go over the types of studies that need to be done in order for HP Xe MRI to be incorporated into the IPF clinical algorithm and start making a difference in IPF disease diagnosis and management. The classification of pulmonary hypertension (PH) defines five major groupings, each with several associated disease processes. Treatment for PH is determined by the underlying aetiology, and proper classification is critical. As a result, a thorough examination is required to determine the cause and severity of PH. In addition, follow-up examinations are required to track changes in disease status and drug response. Traditionally, echocardiography, invasive right cardiac catheterization, and ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy were the mainstays of the diagnostic imaging work-up for PH. Multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have become significant and complementary investigations in the evaluation of patients with suspected PH as a result of technological advancements. Both modalities are examined, and clinical recommendations are made. Because the lung receives all of the cardiac output, advanced imaging techniques aren't needed to assess total organ perfusion.

For many years, however, physiologists had to think of the lung as a single unit, or in imaging terms, as a single voxel, when researching lung function. Because imaging, especially functional imaging, provides for the capture of spatial information critical for understanding lung function, these approaches hold a lot of potential and are of significant interest to pulmonary physiologists. Noncontrast MRI approaches for measuring pulmonary perfusion have various advantages, including high reproducibility and the ability to conduct repeated measurements under a variety of physiologic settings, despite the challenges of low proton density and short T2* in the lung. This focuses on the use of the ASL-FAIRER (flow sensitive inversion recovery with an extra radiofrequency pulse) approach to address physiologic questions about lung function in health and sickness. The "Slinky" effect (Slinky is a registered trademark of Pauf-Slinky incorporated) and issues related to absolute quantification are also discussed in relation to the measurement of regional proton density to correct for gravitational-based lung deformation (the "Slinky" effect (Slinky is a registered trademark of Pauf-Slinky incorporated)). At baseline, during sildenafil infusion, and after monocrotaline injection, a velocity-encoded cine magnetic resonance imaging for pulmonary blood flow and an oxygen-enhanced lung magnetic resonance imaging were performed. For pulmonary blood flow variations and signal intensity enhancement ratios of oxygen-enhanced lung magnetic resonance imaging, we compared baseline data to those acquired during sildenafil infusion and after monocrotaline injection.

Lung cancer is the most common cancer-related death worldwide. The illness stage at the time of diagnosis is known to influence prognosis and treatment outcomes. As a result, determining the best effective therapy requires an accurate assessment of the extent of the condition. Morphological and functional imaging are currently available imaging modalities for diagnosis and follow-up. CT scans and, in some situations, MRIs are used to undertake morphological studies. We address the use of MRI in lung cancer staging in this review, focusing on solid pulmonary nodule characterization and TNM staging assessment utilising chest and whole-body MRI exams, with current recommendations and potential advances.