A Short Note on Wet process engineering

Stephen Paul^*
*Correspondence: Stephen Paul, Department of Mechanical Engineering of Textile Industries, Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Damascus University, Syria, Email:

Perspective

Wet process engineering is one of the major aqueducts in cloth engineering which refers to the engineering of textile chemical processes and associated applied wisdom. The other three aqueducts in cloth engineering are yarn engineering, fabric engineering, and vesture engineering. The processes of this sluice are involved or carried out in an waterless stage. Hence, it's called a wet process which generally coverspre-treatment, dyeing, printing, and finishing.The wet process is generally done in the manufactured assembly of interlacing filaments, fibers and yarns, having a substantial face (planar) area in relation to its consistence, and acceptable mechanical strength to give it a cohesive structure. In other words, the wet process is done on manufactured fiber, yarn and fabric.All of these stages are needed waterless medium which is created by water. A massive quantum of water is needed in these processes per day. It's estimated that, on an average, nearly 50 â?? 100 liters of water is used to reuse only 1 kilogram of cloth goods, depending on the process engineering and operations. Water can be of colorful rates and attributes. Not all water can be used in the cloth processes; it must have some certain parcels, quality, color and attributes of being used. This is the reason why water is a high concern in wet process engineering.Acid colorings are water-answerable anionic colorings that are applied to filaments similar as silk, hair, nylon, and modified acrylic filaments using neutral to acid color cataracts. Attachment to the fiber is attributed, at least incompletely, to swab conformation between anionic groups in the colorings and cationic groups in the fiber. Acid colorings aren't substantial to cellulosic filaments.Basic colorings are water-answerable cationic colorings that are substantially applied to acrylic filaments but find some use for hair and silk. Generally acetic acid is added to the dyebath to help the uptake of the color onto the fiber.Direct or substantial dyeing is typically carried out in a neutral or slightly alkaline dyebath, at or near boiling point, with the addition of either sodium chloride, sodium sulfate or sodium carbonate. Direct colorings are used on cotton, paper, leather, hair, silk, and nylon.Caustic colorings bear a caustic, which improves the fastness of the color against water, light and perspiration. The choice of mordant is veritably important as different mordants can change the final color significantly. Utmost natural colorings are caustic colorings and there's thus a large literature base describing dyeing ways. The most important caustic colorings are the synthetic caustic colorings, or chrome colorings, used for hair; these comprise some 30 of colorings used for hair and are especially useful for black and cortege tones.The caustic, potassium dichromate, is applied as an after-treatment. Numerous mordants, particularly those in the heavy essence order, can be dangerous to health and extreme care must be taken in using them.Handbasket colorings are basically undoable in water and unable of dyeing filaments directly. Still, reduction in alkaline liquor produces the water-answerable alkali essence swab of the color, which, in this leuco form, has an affinity for the cloth fiber. Posterior oxidation reforms the original undoable color. The color of denim is due to indigo, the original handbasket color.Reactive colorings use a chromophore attached to a substituent that's able of directly replying with the fiber substrate. The covalent bonds that attach reactive color to natural filaments make them among the most endless of colorings."Cold"reactive colorings, similar as Procion MX, Cibacron F, and Drimarene K, are veritably easy to use because the color can be applied at room temperature. Reactive colorings are by far the stylish choice for dyeing cotton and other cellulose filaments at home or in the art plant.