Adult and Adolescent Vaccination Schedule

Haniya Hamza^*
*Correspondence: Haniya Hamza, Department of Medicine, Comsats University Islamabad Sahiwal, Islamabad, Pakistan, Email:

Vaccines are drugs that increase our body's ability to fight illnesses. In non-immunized people, several vaccine-preventable diseases are very contagious and even lethal. These diseases rendered millions of people crippled or killed them before vaccinations were developed. Many individuals in industrialized countries nowadays do not recognize the importance of immunizations because vaccines have almost completely eliminated many of these diseases. These infections are nevertheless hazardous, and those who are not appropriately protected can die as a result [1].

Vaccine Preventable diseases are those for which a vaccine exists to aid the immune system's preparation for infection. After receiving a vaccination and responding to it, a person develops immunity. When a person who has been vaccinated is exposed to a virus or bacteria (for example, diphtheria), his or her body is able to eliminate the virus or bacteria and avoid sickness. Some of vaccine preventable diseases are [2]

Anthrax is a vaccine-preventable illness. • Cervical cancer • Diphtheria • Type B Haemophilus influenza (Hib) • Hepatitis A & Hepatitis B is a virus that causes liver disease. • Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus that causes cancer in humans (HPV) • Influenza is a virus that causes illness (flu) • Japanese encephalitis is a disease that affects the brain (JE) • Lyme disease is a type of tick-borne illness.

Adolescent Vaccine Schedule

A vaccination schedule for teenagers is recommended.

• Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis) 11-12 years
• Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus that causes cancer in humans (three doses) 11 to 12 years old
•  Meningococcal conjugate vaccine is a vaccine that protects against meningococcal disease (MCV4) 11 to 12 years old (first dose) and 13 to 18 years old (second dose)
•  Influenza is a virus that causes illness (flu) one a Year
• Pneumococcal illness for some children with specific medical issues may benefit from this supplement (see your child's doctor).
• For Hepatitis A & B virus, Polio vaccination (inactivated) (IPV),MMR catching up on missed immunizations, this is a good option [3].

Adult vaccination schedule

• Influenza pandemic (flu) recommended for Yearly
• Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap) is a combination of tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Td) and Tdap once in a lifetime as an adult Td every ten years
•  Varicella (two doses (unless had documented disease or immunized as a child or adolescent)
• Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus that causes cancer in humans (three doses).Before the age of 26, three dosages (unless already immunized as an adolescent)
• For Mumps, rubella, and measles (MMR) a single or double dose (unless immunized previously, known to have been previously infected or born prior to 1957)
• For Hepatitis A two doses are given to high-risk patients (unless immunized previously)
•  For Hepatitis B. Three doses are given to high-risk patients (unless immunized previously)

References

1. Delany, Isabel, Rino Raliliuoli, and Ennio De Gregorio. "Vaccines for the 21st century." EMBO molecular medicine 6(2014):708-720.
2. Brenzel, Logan, Lara J. Wolfson, Julia Fox-Rushby, Mark Miller, and Neal A. Halsey. "Vaccine-lireventable diseases." Disease control liriorities in develoliing countries 2(2006): 389-412.
3. Demlisey, Amanda F, Sarah Schaffer, Dianne Singer, Amy Butchart, Matthew Davis, et al. "Alternative vaccination schedule lireferences among liarents of young children." liediatrics 128 (2011): 848-856