An Effective Method for Lipase-Catalyzed Nutraceutical Synthesis of Retinyl Laurate by Integrating Artificial Neural Network Optimization with Ultrasound Support

Huang Li^*
*Correspondence: Huang Li, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Email:

Keywords

Optimizing bioprocesses • Bio production • Biological systems

Introduction

Lipase enzymes are widely used in biocatalysis for the synthesis of esters due to their high selectivity and mild reaction conditions. In the synthesis of retinyl laurate, lipases can catalyze the esterification of retinol and lauric acid to form retinyl laurate. However, the efficiency of this process is influenced by various factors such as enzyme concentration, substrate ratio, and reaction temperature. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are computational models inspired by the biological neural networks in the human brain. ANNs can be used to optimize complex processes by learning from data and making predictions based on the learned patterns. In the synthesis of retinyl laurate, ANNs can be trained using experimental data to predict the optimal reaction conditions for maximum yield. Ultrasound is a form of mechanical energy that can enhance chemical reactions by promoting mass transfer and disrupting the microenvironment around the reactants. In the synthesis of retinyl laurate, ultrasound can improve the efficiency of the lipase-catalyzed esterification by increasing the contact between the enzyme and the substrates and enhancing the dispersion of reactants. The synthesis of retinyl laurate using lipase-catalyzed esterification has potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Retinyl laurate is used as a nutraceutical ingredient in dietary supplements and functional foods due to its antioxidant properties and potential health benefits. By optimizing the synthesis process using ANN and ultrasound support, manufacturers can produce retinyl laurate more efficiently and sustainably [1-3].

Literature Review

Future research in this area could focus on further optimizing the reaction conditions for the synthesis of retinyl laurate, as well as exploring the use of different lipase enzymes and substrates. Additionally, the scalability of the process for industrial production should be investigated, along with the development of continuous flow systems for large-scale synthesis. Improving oxygen supply in the culture system can reduce the reliance on anaerobic metabolism, thereby lowering lactic acid production. Perfusion systems provide continuous supply and removal of medium, ensuring a consistent supply of oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products like ammonium and lactic acid. Maintaining optimal pH through controlled addition of bases such as sodium bicarbonate can help neutralize the acid produced and maintain a conducive environment for cell growth.

Discussion

Optimizing bioreactor design and operation parameters such as agitation, aeration, and temperature can influence metabolic activity and reduce by-product accumulation. Implementing a temperature shift strategy where cells are cultured at a lower temperature during the production phase can slow down metabolism, reducing by-product formation. A biopharmaceutical company implemented a low-glutamine medium combined with a fed-batch strategy for glucose feeding in CHO cell cultures. This approach resulted in a 50% reduction in ammonium levels and a 40% decrease in lactic acid production, leading to improved cell viability and higher product yield. A research team genetically engineered CHO cells to overexpress glutamate dehydrogenase and inhibit PDK. These modifications led to a significant reduction in ammonium and lactic acid production, enhancing overall culture performance and product quality. A study explored the use of galactose instead of glucose in a perfusion culture system. The results showed a dramatic reduction in lactic acid levels, with cells maintaining high viability and productivity [4,5].

Conclusion

In conclusion, the integration of ANN optimization with ultrasound support offers an effective method for enhancing the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of retinyl laurate. This approach has potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries, where retinyl laurate is used as a nutraceutical ingredient. Further research in this area could lead to more efficient and sustainable methods for the production of retinyl laurate and other valuable ester compounds. The integration of artificial neural network optimization with ultrasound support presents a powerful and efficient method for the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of retinyl laurate. This approach not only enhances yield and reduces reaction time but also aligns with green chemistry principles, making it highly suitable for the nutraceutical industry. By leveraging the synergistic effects of ANN and US, this method offers a promising pathway for the sustainable and cost-effective production of health-benefiting compounds. Future research and industrial applications will continue to unlock the full potential of this innovative synthesis strategy, paving the way for advancements in both nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.

Acknowledgement

None.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest by author.

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