Perspective - (2023) Volume 7, Issue 2
Received: 01-Apr-2023, Manuscript No. jchd-23-101798;
Editor assigned: 03-Apr-2023, Pre QC No. P-101798;
Reviewed: 15-Apr-2023, QC No. Q-101798;
Revised: 21-Apr-2023, Manuscript No. R-101798;
Published:
29-Apr-2023
, DOI: 10.37421/2684-6020.2023.7.173
Citation: Chiswell, Hillary. “Assessment of Gender Disparities
in Myocardial Infarction Presentation, Management and Outcomes.” J Coron
Heart Dis 7 (2023): 173.
Copyright: © 2023 Chiswell H. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Myocardial Infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Numerous studies have reported gender disparities in MI presentation, management, and outcomes. This research article aims to comprehensively assess the existing evidence on gender disparities in MI, identify the contributing factors, and propose strategies for reducing disparities and improving outcomes for both men and women. Myocardial infarction is a critical cardiovascular event characterized by the occlusion of coronary arteries leading to myocardial damage. It affects both men and women, albeit with differing patterns of presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. This section provides an overview of MI and highlights the importance of addressing gender disparities in its management.
Myocardial Infarction (MI) presentation differs between men and women, and understanding these gender differences is crucial for timely diagnosis and appropriate management. This section explores the variations in MI symptoms, symptom recognition, atypical presentations, and pre-hospital delay, highlighting the importance of addressing these disparities to improve patient outcomes. Myocardial infarction is a significant health concern globally, and gender plays a crucial role in its presentation. This section provides an overview of MI, emphasizing the importance of recognizing gender differences in symptomatology and presentation for early intervention and improved clinical outcomes [1-3].
Men and women often exhibit differences in the types and frequency of symptoms experienced during an MI. While men typically present with classic symptoms such as chest pain or discomfort, women may manifest atypical symptoms that include shortness of breath, fatigue, nausea, or back pain. This section discusses these variations in symptomatology and their implications for diagnosis and prompt medical attention.
Gender disparities in MI management
Here, the focus is on the discrepancies in the management of MI between genders. It discusses differences in diagnostic evaluations, delays in reperfusion therapy, utilization of evidence-based medications, and referral rates for cardiac rehabilitation. The impact of these disparities on treatment outcomes, including mortality and morbidity rates, is also examined.
Contributing factors to gender disparities
This section explores the multifactorial causes of gender disparities in MI. It discusses biological, psychosocial, and healthcare system-related factors that contribute to the observed differences. Factors such as hormonal influences, socioeconomic disparities, healthcare provider bias, and gender-based preferences in seeking healthcare are examined in detail.
Strategies to address gender disparities
In this section, evidence-based strategies to address gender disparities in MI are proposed. These include improving public awareness of atypical MI symptoms in women, enhancing healthcare provider education and awareness, implementing gender-sensitive diagnostic protocols, and promoting equitable access to cardiac care and rehabilitation programs. The importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and policy-level interventions is also highlighted.
Future directions and conclusion
The final section provides insights into future research directions aimed at further understanding and addressing gender disparities in MI. It emphasizes the need for longitudinal studies, clinical trials focused on gender-specific treatment approaches, and healthcare policies that prioritize gender equity [4,5]. The conclusion summarizes the key findings and emphasizes the significance of reducing gender disparities in MI management to improve patient outcomes.
Gender disparities in myocardial infarction (MI) presentation, management, and outcomes are evident and have significant implications for patient care and clinical outcomes. This comprehensive assessment has highlighted several key findings regarding gender differences in MI, contributing factors, and potential strategies for reducing disparities and improving outcomes. The assessment revealed that men and women often present with different patterns of MI symptoms, with women more likely to experience atypical presentations. Additionally, gender disparities were observed in symptom recognition, with women facing challenges in promptly identifying MI symptoms due to the prevalence of atypical symptoms. These delays in symptom recognition and subsequent delays in seeking medical care can result in poorer outcomes for women.
Contributing factors to gender disparities in MI were found to be multifactorial. Biological factors, such as hormonal influences and differences in coronary artery disease pathophysiology, contribute to gender differences in MI. Psychosocial factors, including socioeconomic disparities, gender roles and expectations, and psychosocial stress, further impact MI presentation, management, and outcomes. Healthcare system-related factors, such as healthcare provider bias, disparities in diagnostic evaluations and treatment, and gender-based preferences in seeking healthcare, also play a role.
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Journal of Coronary Heart Diseases received 15 citations as per Google Scholar report
